157 
1872.] Hoernle — Essays on the Gaurian Languages. 
out off the final *i and thus turn them into masculine nouns ;e.g., u 3 forest 
becomes «P 3 , just as rrw: becomes KTP. 
We will now pass on to the Marathi. The Marathi differs from the 
Hindi class Gaurian languages in having preserved a much larger proportion 
of the Prahritic element. It predominates in it very largely over the proper 
Gaurian element ; so that of all the Gaurian languages the Marathi is the 
most purely Prakritic tongue. 
In Marathi by far the greater majority of nouns admits of an oblique 
form and therefore, according to the canon previously laid down, belongs 
to the Prdkritio element of the language. To the proper Gaurian element, 
not admitting an oblique form, only the following nouns belong.* 
(1) . All proper nouns and nouns of respect ending in (lnasc. and 
fern.), e. g.. TTUT Hama, gen. 77flT =gT, etc. ; but TtTrfT mother 
father-in-law, gen. fTrtrt'T ''IT. ^ 
(2) . All nouns in it, u, %, ; as habit, gen. ^nmi; ftr^ tripod, 
gen. fww '37 ; btu%I woman, gen. *37; UT mark on a die, gen. UP3T. 
(3) . All masculine nouns in 'S (exc. trrw, ^ rtpP 
•IT3F, gur-g-, n, vit'S, wrn?. fw wffT; UPS,); e //., red chalk, 
^ (N G\ C\ x ^ 
gen. jiu UT ; but traveller, gen. 313UTT UP 
(4) . All feminine nouns in ^ and 'S (exc. iflt and other monosyllabic 
nouns in y, and the following in us, viz. 3TTU>, UP 3 . Tfra, 
h~T, 3P5T, sim, 3P|, TO ^0 ; e. g., JTTUt carriage, gen. Jipft UT ; 
chalk ig^^T; but mother-in-law, gen. UTU§ rtT or U13i Ui ; woman 
f^UT. _ _ 
(5) . The following neuter nouns in rt ; viz. . ’UTUU, 'SSlrt, 
Us(T~f, mz, * t a?' ■ ari^, Ti3rt^. Ulsi, e. g., 
Ula', 'gen. 'W'UG but* TT? pony, gen. «TET UT, and 7TTU ship, gen. <TTOT UT. 
^ ,\f ] those nouns that constitute the proper Gaurian element of Marathi, 
are subject to those Gaurian laws which have been already explained ; 
namely, they have been taken over from the Prakrit in the form of the 
nom. sing, of that language ; and having entered the Gaurian (Marathi) 
in that form, they retain it unchanged as their inflexional base of the direct 
as well as the oblique cases ; e. g., tTw! elephant, in Prakrit nom. sing, — 
Sanskrit uuff (nom. sing, of T>f»?r»r ) has nom. gen. Tpdf'37 instr. vpft u 
dat. <gr, etc. Again < 3 T"iT gain, in Prakrit wtrirT, in Sanskrit 317U : 
(nom. sing, of 13 [Hi lias nom. < 3 T%T, gen. UTT + 
* See the Student’s Manual of Marathi Grammar, pp. 28, 29, and the Grammar 
of Marathi by Dadoba Pandurang Esq., pp 72, 73. 
t All such nouns in ^7 are in reality anomalous ; as according to the ordinary pho- 
netic laws of the Gaurian, the final Prakrit % should be reduced to U 7 (i. e. first to vgr, 
then to *|J ) 4 Accordingly we find that the nouns in % are only a very few isolated 
cases. 
