1(59 
1872.] Hoernle — Essays on the Gaurian Languages. 
diphthong or long vowel is reduced to its constituent short vowel, i. e., 
to v or to ?; ; ^iT or <3! to ^ ; b., a final Gaurian short vowel is made 
quiescent, so that all such inflexional bases appear in pronunciation and, 
generally, also in writing to end in a consonant or (since ^ is considered 
inherent in a consonant) in As regards those inflexional bases which are 
Sanskrit nom. sing., two stages also may be recognized ; a., a Sanskrit final 
visarga (or ) and anuswara (or is elided ; and h., if a final short vowel 
be the resultant of such elision, that vowel may or may not bo made quies- 
cent, but, as a rule, is always written. 
The next essay (No. IV) will set forth the proof of the positions 
stated in No. 2 and No. 8, i. e., that the oblique form of the inflexional 
base is identical with the Prakrit genitive ; and that the phenomenon of 
the direct form of some inflexional bases retaining the original Prakrit 
termination ii, is owing to the fact, that they are derived from particular 
Prakrit bases, formed by means of the affix 3f. 
Appendix; to Essay III. 
On a closer examination of Naipali I have been convinced, that the 
view of Naipali taken in the preceding Essay must be somewhat modified, 
and that Naipali is much more Prdkritic than I thought at first ; though 
I still think that its Prahritic element is not sufficiently strong to take it 
altogether out of the second class, i. e., of the Hindi-class Gaurian lan- 
guages. But it is next to Gujarati the most Prakritic of that class and 
therefore the nearest in that respect to Marathi. In this general respect 
as well as in many particular instances which I shall have occasion at differ- 
ent times to notice in these essays, Naipali shows a remarkable affinity to 
Marathi. 
My observations are based altogether on a translation of the Gospel 
of St. Luke into Naipali, the only Naipali work that I have been able 
to procure.* The translation, I believe, was made by Missionaries ; and 
therefore, having been made by foreigners to whom Naipali is yet a 
new language, it must be used with caution. It is full of inaccuracies 
of spelling, and even of grammatical mistakes here and there ; e. g., 
in ch. x. 24. vejt fbfTrii: 3TT the use of ^ (= Hindi fl) is surely in- 
* I have been informed by the Rev. W. Macfarlane of Darjeeling, that the only 
printed Naipali Grammar is one published in 1820 in Calcutta by Lt. Ayfcon, of which 
only ono copy exists in the library of the Asiatic Society, I have boon unable to 
obtain a loan of it. 
