194 
Rajendralala Mitra — Beef in Ancient India. 
[No. 2, 
state according to law, reduction of the period of mourning on account of duty, 
or service, or for reading the Vedas ; expiations on the part of Brahmans 
involving loss of life, condemnation for association with criminals, immola- 
tion of animals at the Madhuparka, acceptance as sons, of other than le- 
gitimate and adopted sons ; hoarding together on the part of the twice-born 
householders with a servant, cowherd, friend of the family, and persons with 
whom agriculture is jointly carried on if they be S'udras by caste ; pilgrim- 
age to very remote places ; cooking of food by S'udras for Brahmans, expia- 
tory suicide by falling from very high places, or into the fire ; suicide on ac- 
count of extreme old age, and the like have been abstained from by noble and 
learned men at the beginning of the Kali Yuga for the well-being of mankind. 
The practice of revered persons is proof as potent as that of the Vedas.”* The 
Vrihannaradiya Purapa follows this very closely, but at the same time it 
omits somo acts and prohibits others which are not condemned by the former. 
The additional acts condemned are, suicide by getting one’s self drowned in 
the sea, offering of flesh meat at S'raddhas, human sacrifice, horse sacrifice, 
Gomedha sacrifice, and Vedic yajfias involving sacrifices of cattle. f It is 
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