213 
1872.] A. M. Broadley — The Buddhistic Remains of RihAr. 
It would be impossible to overrate the vast importance of these records, 
and the travels of Fah-Hiyan and Hwen Thsang will form as it were the 
basis of my attempt to describe the Buddhistic remains of this part of the 
kingdom of Magadha. We can now go hack to the time of the great found- 
er of the Buddhist faith, and see how deeply connected Magadha was with 
many of the most important episodes in his life. 
Buddhism arose in India about the beginning of the sixth century 
before Christ. Its founder was Sakhya Muni, son of Suddhodana, ruler of 
the country of Kapila, which appears to have been situated some distance 
to the north of Banaras. The tenets of his religion may be shortly 
summed up as follows.* I. — That man may become superior to the gods. 
II. — That Nirvanaf is the supreme good. III. — That religion consists in 
a right preparation of the heart (suppression of evil desire, practice of self- 
JI — “ Memoir es sur les Contrees Occidentales ,” 1857. 
From 
To 
Distance 
Direction 
Pataliputra 
Tilaijakya. 
100 L. 
S. W. 
Tilagakya 
Gunamati Mt. 
90 L. 
S. W. 
Gunamati convent 
Silabkadra convent on 
isolated hill. 
20 L. 
S. W. 
Convent of Silabkadra 
Gaya. 
40 L. 
s. w. 
Gaya. 
Kukkutapada M. 
100 L. 
E. 
Kukkutapada M. 
Buddhavana M. 
100 L. 
N. E. 
Bnddhavana M. 
Yachtivana Forest. 
30 L. 
E. 
Yacktivana Forest 
Sources Thermales. 
10 L. 
S.W. 
Yachtivana Forest 
A mountain. 
7 L. 
SE. 
This mountain 
Another. 
3 or 4 L. 
N. 
This one 
A third. 
4 or 5 L. 
N.E. 
This mountain 
Kouqagarapura (old Rajgir) 16 L. 
E. 
Rajgriha 
Nalanda. 
30 L. 
N 
Nalanda 
Kulika. 
9L. 
S.W. 
Kulika 
Kalapinaka. 
20 L. 
S.E. 
Kalapinaka 
Indra saila gouha. 
30 L. 
E. 
Indra saila gouha 
Kapotika Sangharama. 
150-61 L. 
N.E. 
Kapotika^Sangkarama 
A monastery. 
40 L. 
S.E. 
This monastery 
A village south of the 
Ganges. 
70 L. 
N.E. 
It would be an almost endless task to attempt to point out the discrepancies 
which exist between these two accounts, much more so to convey a satisfactory expla- 
nation of them, but I have stated them in the onset to shew the extreme difficulty of 
a satisfactory or positively correct identification of the places alluded to, and to de- 
monstrate how little we can trust the distances and directions which form the only 
data on which we can rely. 
* Beal, Introduction, p. 49. 
I I. e . , exemption from sorrow, complete unconsciousness of, and indifforence to, 
external objects. 
