233 
1872.] A. M. Broadley — The Buddhistic Remains of Bihar. 
from 100 to 110 feet. Opposite the south-east corner and at a distance of 
50 or GO paces, thore are distinct marks of a ruined tower similar to the one 
near the western gate already described. The wall towards the east has a 
total length of nearly 1,200 feet, and the ruins have a very inconsiderable 
elevation. Bastions are clearly visible at the following distances from the 
south-east angle, viz., 200, 320, 420, 520, G20, 720, 820, 920, 1020, 1120, 
and 1200 feet. Montgomery Martin considers the heaps of brick to be the 
remains of a second set of fortifications built by Sher Shah, but I am rather 
inclined to regard them as the ruins of the ancient towers, the two monas- 
teries, and the royal palace, which we know to have existed in the town and 
parts of which as well as other buildings were doubtless built on the city 
walls. General Cunningham gives a much larger area to the ruined city, 
but it must be remembered that he made his measurements outside the ditch, 
very faint traces of which are visible on two sides of the wall. I have en- 
deavoured to trace carefully the rampart, and in many places removed the 
heaps of brick which covered it. In most cases I succeeded m uncovering 
the original wall, which uniformly presents a thickness of 14 feet. As re- 
gards the outer walls which are said to have existed, if the heaps of stone 
which are found at different distances from the fort are traces of them, they 
are so imperfect that any attempt to follow them would be simply futile. 
It now remains for us to see what Hwen Tlisang said of the “ new 
town.” The description of the “ old town” comes first in his account. Af- 
ter completing bis account of the deserted city, he says : “ Bn sortant par 
la porte septentrionale de la ville entouree de montagnes — Kouiyigarapura — 
il fit un li, et arriva au Bois de Batnbous don no par Karandavenouvana. II 
y a maintenant un Yiliara dont les fondements sont en pierre et le batiment 
en briques. La porte regard l’orient.” This spot can be very correctly 
identified with the mass of debris found in the ravine, between the northern 
gate of the old town, and the southern entrance to the new. A large plat- 
form of stone-work still exists, and this is covered by a small pillared cell. 
It is, straugc to say, still popularly called the Madrasah, or College, — vihara. 
He then distinctly mentions the stupas referred to above. He writes, “ A 
Test du bois des Bambous de Karandavenouvana il y a un stoupa qui a ete 
bati par le roi Ajatugatrou. Apres le Nirvana du Tathagata les rois par- 
tagerent les reliques, Le roi s en rotourna avec la poition qu il avait ob- 
tenue, batit par respect un stoupa et lui offrit ses hommages. Le roi A 90k a 
avant coneu une foi sincere, ouvrit le monument, prit les reliques, ct batit a 
son tour un autre stoupa. A. cote du stoupa du roi Ajatuqatrou il y en a 
un autre qui renferme les reliques de la moitie du corps du venerable Anan- 
da.” This description agrees wonderfully with that given by me above, of 
the two tumuli to the west of the new-town, of the identity of which there 
* Memoiros, Tom. III., p. 29. 
30 
