241 
1872.] A. M. Broadley — The Buddhistic Remains of Bihar. 
down on all sides, forming a mound about 500 feet in circumference and 16 
or 17 feet high. The entrance to the east is about 6 feet wide, and leads to 
a passage some 14 or 15 feet long, the roof of which was formerly supported 
by gray stone pillars about 6 feet high. This leads to a square chamber or 
hall some 23 or 24 feet square. Its roof is supported by twelve columns in 
the chamber, and eighteen more let into the brick work. These columns 
are each 7 feet high, with square bases and capitals and octagon shafts. 
They rested on a detached square plinth a foot high. A sur-capital, separate 
from the shaft, and cruciform in plan, supported the roof which was com- 
posed of enormous granite slabs laid transversely. From this room a mas- 
sive doorway and a flight of three steps leads to the inner chamber — some- 
what less in size than the other, but considerably loftier — the total height 
of its roof being 13 feet. The columns are of the same description as those 
in the outer hall, but more lofty. The detached capital are each a foot high, 
the base is 2, the octagonal shaft 6, and the second capital 3 feet in height. 
The lintel of the doorway is 2 feet broad and is carved with a rude moulding. 
In the centre of the lintel, is a figure of Buddha. I found no images in the 
temple, but it is by far the most perfect building of the kind I have yet 
seen. Its situation is magnificent, commanding at once a view of the high- 
ly cultivated plain of Bihar, the “ solitary rock,” the topes and temples of 
Nalanda, the walls of new Rajgir, the five hills, and the valley of Kusa- 
garapura. 
A short distance to the south of this is a very small Jain a temple de- 
dicated to Dharmanatha and Sliantinatha, the 15th and 16th Tirthankaras. 
It contains two images and a charana, with an inscription about 200 years 
old. The pujari has corrupted the names to ‘ Dhanaji’ and ‘ Sathadraji, 
and describes them as two wealthy bankers who lived in the house at the 
Nirmul kund, i. e. the mound in the south-west corner of the ancient city. 
Continuing to ascend the eastern slope of the hill for nearly a quarter 
°f a mile, we arrive at a Jaina temple of very considerable dimensions. It 
is square in form, and is surmounted by four handsome minarets and a 
cupola. It was built by one Pratap Singh of Murshidabad, and a passage 
(.pradakshina) encircles the central shrine. There is also a small octagon 
chapel, containing charanas at each corner. The doorway has been taken 
from a Buddhist temple, and is covered with exquisite carving. The tem- 
ple is 51 feet by 58. Some two hundred yards to the west of this is the 
largest temple of the group, built by one Manikchand Seth in the middle of 
the last century. Manikchand was a well known character in Calcutta, and 
his dedication is recorded on the charana. The building consists almost 
entirely of Buddhist materials. It has a vestibule, the roof of which is sup- 
ported by pillars somewhat smaller in size, though of the same shape as 
those in the temple I have described above in detail. At the north side are 
31 T 
