243 
1872.] A. M. Broadley — The Buddhistic Remains of Bilidr. 
a narrow staircase of twenty steps cut in the cliff. The rock is pierced in 
the centre by a door 6 feet 4 inches high and about 3J feet wide. The 
thickness of the wall of rock is exactly 3 feet. At 11 feet 10 inches west 
from the door, and in a line with it is an opening in the cliff 3 feet high by 
3 feet wide, which serves to light the vault. The interior is a vaulted cham- 
ber 33 feet long by 17 feet wide, with a semicircular roof 16 feet high. The 
floor has been spoiled by the water which constantly falls from the roofs. 
Outside the door, and three feet to the west of it, is a headless figure of 
Buddha cut in the rock, and close to it an inscription, in the Asoka cha- 
racter, recording the visit of some holy man to the cave in search of quiet 
and solitude. There are also some DevanagarS inscriptions inside. 
Inside the cave is a ‘ chaitya,’ so curious in shape and design, that I 
think it worth while to describe it somewhat fully. 
Its form is square with a conical top surmounted by a large knob. 
Each side is 1 foot 10 inches broad, and its total height is 4 feet 9 inches. 
On each face there is a pillared canopy, underneath which is a standing 
figure of Buddha on a lotus-leaf pedestal, with a miniature attendant on 
either side, each holding a torch. The hair on the head is knotted, and 
the body is covered by a long cloak. The hands, instead of being raised in 
the usual attitude, are held down close by the side. The attendant figures 
are elaborately dressed and ornamented. At each comer of the arch of the 
canopy are figures holding scrolls. In the centre of the canopy, and imme- 
diately above the head of Buddha, rises a pipal tree surmounted by three 
umbrellas. The bases vary in design ; on either side, beneath the pedestal, 
is depicted the Wheel of the Law, supported on one side by elephants, on 
another by caparisoned horses (with saddles of almost Luropean shape), 
°n the third by elephants kneeling, and on the fourth by bulls. The coni- 
cal top of the chaitya resembles the cupola of a temple. 
To return to Mount Vipula. This hill rises about three hundred yards 
to the east of the hot springs previously described. Its direction is due 
north-east. The northern face of the mountain is a rugged cliff, and its 
western slope is but a little less precipitous. At the foot of the hill there 
are six wells, — some of which contain hot, and some cold water. They re- 
semble in shape those of Mount Baibhar, and are called respectively Nana- 
kuud, Sita-kund, S6ma-kund, Ganesha-kupd, and Rama-kund. Nearly a 
quarter ofa mile from these wells is a spring immediately under the northern 
lace of the mountain. It is surrounded by a large enclosure, and its water 
is tepid. Passing through a courtyard, the visitor arrives at a small stone- 
cell in the rock, and immediately above this a flight of some eighty steps 
leads up the side of the hill to a platform paved with brick. This is the 
celebrated Makhdum-kund of the Muhammadans, and Sringgi-rikhi-kund of 
the Hindus. This well is held in extraordinary veneration alike by Hindus 
