1872.] A. M. Broadley — The Buddhistic Remains of Bihdr. 247 
ed to Bihar, and merit a much more detailed description. The terrace now 
becomes more broken, hut its traces are visible up to the peak. From its 
commencement in the valley up to the summit of the mountain it measures, 
as nearly as possible, one mile. The south and west side of the hill are 
covered with the debris of houses, &c., and the solitary peak which crowns 
the hill is surmounted by an enormous brick stupa. Though there is no 
natural cave in the southern face of the hill, as might reasonably be expect- 
ed, the other features it presents are so remarkable that its identification is 
beyond a doubt, and besides this everything tends to show that the caves 
and grottos of Bajgir were mostly artificial. 
Parallel with Batnagir and Devaghat [or Deoghat] runs Udayagir. 
Two ramparts or walls seem to have traversed the valley. The first to the 
west now called the Nekpai-band, and the second stretches from the foot of 
Deoghat, as before described, to the centre of the valley, and this seems to have 
been continued as far as the foot of the Udaya Hill. The slopes of this hill 
are more gradual than any of the others, and this accounts for the fortifications 
which surmount it. The steepest side of the mountain is towards the west, 
and it is through a narrow ravine at the foot of it, that the valley is entered 
from the south. The passage is very narrow, and in the centre runs the 
Banganga rivulet, which rises from beneath Sonargir. The pass was strong- 
ly fortified, and the ramparts and bastions are still remarkably perfect, 
although they have been exposed to the devastations of the rain and sun 
for many centuries. Just within the valley are the ruins of the two towers, 
and at the entrance of the pass, where the width of the ravine is little 
naore than twenty feet, two forts of considerable size — one on the slope of 
Udayagir, and the other facing it, at the foot of Sonargir. The former 
Measures 111 feet from the north to south, and 40 from east to west. From 
this point a massive wall, 16 feet thick (and still having an elevation of 
some 10 or 12 feet), stretches in a direct line due east to the summit of 
the mountain. I measured it to a distance of 4,000 feet from the com- 
mencement, and it thus appears to continue its course for more than two 
miles on the crest of the hill, then to cross over towards the north, and 
finally to pass down the northern slope, and into the narrow valley between 
Udayagir and Batnagir, just opposite the staircase of Bimbisara, which leads 
t° the summit of the Deoghat hill. The wall is composed of huge stones 
on either side, closely fitted together without cement, the centre being filled 
U P by a mass of pebbles and rubbish. There are traces of Buddhist ruins 
°n the top of the hill, and I found several images, and the remains of two 
mrge stupas, and one temple similar to that on Baibhar. There is also a 
large enclosure containing five modern Jaina temples — the centre one square 
and the others triangular in shape. Each of the small ones contains a 
figure of Buddha bearing the creed, “ ye dharma lietu, etc.” There are 
