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1872.] A. M. Broadley — The Buddhistic Remains of Bihar. 
fort at which it ends is about half the size of the one on the opposite side of 
the torrent. 1 have thus succeeded in tracing the great wall which formed 
the artificial defence of the valley ; but strange to say, popular legends, so 
far from connecting it with any such purpose, make it the evening walk of 
the Asura king — the spot where he used to enjoy the cool mountain air after 
the fatigues of the day. 
Before giving some account of the wild ravine to the west of the valley 
it may bo interesting to say something of the Jaina pagodas which still 
adorn the hills. They are maintained and repaired by subscriptions collect- 
ed all over India, and are yearly visited by thousands of pilgrims from 
fiwaliar, Bombay, Calcutta, and Murshidabad. They all contain charanas, 
or impressions of the sacred feet of the Tirthankaras— generally carved in 
black basalt, but sometimes in marble, and invariably surrounded by a 
Nagari inscription. I have taken copies of the whole of them, but many 
have become very indistinct, on account of the oil, ghi, &c., with which they 
are anointed. The following are specimens of them.* In the temple 
dedicated to Munisuvr&ta, on the Vipula Hill, I found the following : — “ On 
fhe 7th of the waxing moon in the month of Kartika, Samvat 1818, the 
image of the supremely liberated sage who attained salvation on the Vipula 
Mountain together with his congregation, was made and consecrated by 
S ri Amrita Dharma Vacliaka.” In another of the series of temples : — 
‘ On the 9th of the waxing moon in the month of Phalguna, Samvat 1501, 
by Santha S'ivaraja, &c., of the noble .latada race.” On Sonargir : — “ In 
tbe auspicious Khadatara Port [y«r/<»], the imago of S'ri Adinatha, &c.” 
The other inscriptions arc similar, and the dates 1819, 1823, (on Udayagir) 
1816, (Ratnagir) 1830 Samvat, occur. I will give one other at length. 
It comes from Vipulagir, and rims as follows: — “ On Friday, the 13th 
of the waxing moon, in the month of Aswina, when the S aka year 
1572 was current, Samvat 1707, [A. D. 1650], Suyama and his younger 
brother Gobardhana, sons of Lakshmid&sa and his wife Vananihala, of the 
Vihara Vastuvya family, of the Dopada gotra, caused certain repairs to be 
done to in Rajagriha.” Babu Raj endralala Mitra remarks, that in 
this inscription all the proper names have the title ‘ sangha prefixed to 
them, and this shows that the individuals in question belonged to a Buddhist 
congregation. 
In one of the temples at the summit of V ipulagir I found the follow- 
ing : — “ On the 7th of the waxing moon in Ivartika, this statue of Mukhti- 
gupta, the absolutely liberated sage, was made by Sri Sanga, on the “ Sri 
Tipulachala hill, and consecrated by the preachers of salvation.” The Clia- 
I'ana on Ratnagir bears the following : — “ Om, Salvation. On the 6th of 
* These readings and translations were made by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, for 
whose valuable assistance I cannot be too grateful. 
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