259 
1872.] A. M. Broadley — The Buddhistic . "Remains of Bihar. 
usual attitude, and the Buddhist creed is inscribed over the halo which sur- 
rounds its head. Four miles east of Sarthua is a place called Mahmtida, once 
the site of a vihara. There is a large mound of hriclcs to the east of the 
village, at the top of which several granite columns have been collected and 
arranged, forming as it were a miniature reproduction of the Sangi Masjid at 
Tillarah. Leaving this village, and going seven miles to the north-east, 
I arrived at a hamlet called Sawra, which is exactly two miles to the south- 
west of the site of the once great N&landa monastery — the modern village 
of Bargaon. We can now begin to trace again the foot steps of Hwen 
Thsang, whom we left at Tillarah setting out for the Guuamati monastery, 
the sacred Pipal tree of Bodh-Gya, and the other holy places to the 
west and south of the mountains of Raj agriha. We must now suppose 
for a moment that he has finished his inspection of the ruins of Kusa- 
garapura, and having arrived within the precincts of “ our sacred mother 
Nalanda,” is describing the neighbourhood of the convent.* “ Au sud-ouest 
de Nalanda il tit huit a neuf li, et arriva a la ville de Koulika. Au centre 
s’elevait un stoupa qui avait ete bati par le roi A^oka. C’etait le pays 
natal du venerable Mogalan-pouttra. A cote de cetto ville il y a un stou- 
pa. Ce fut dans cet endroit que le venerable Mogalan-pouttra eutra dans le 
nirvana definitif ; le stoupa renferme les reliques de son corps.” This spot 
can he most satisfactorily identified with Sawra. I found there the remains 
of a large stupa and nine very perfect Buddhist idols. I again return to the 
pilgrim’s narrative.f “ Apres avoir fait quelque li a Test du pays de Moga- 
lan-pouttra il reneontra un stoupa.” This must be Jagdespur — one mile to 
the east of Sawra. This is strangely confirmed by the existence of an enormous 
tumulus there, together with a gigantic alto-relievo figure of Buddha, now 
worshipped as the goddess Rukhmini. Hwen Thsang then seems to have gone 
twenty lis to the south-east]; and to have arrived at the town of Kalapinika. 
“ On y voit au centre,” he writes. “ un stoupa bati par le roi Ayoka ; c’^tait le 
pays natal du venerable paripouttra. Le puits de sa maison existe encore au- 
jourd’hui. A cote du puits il y a un stoupa. Ce fut-la que le venerable 
paripouttra entra dans le nirvana. Un monument renferme les reliques de 
son corps.” This corresponds almost exactly with the position of Chandi- 
mau,four miles south-east of Nalanda. This singularly picturesque spot 
is situated about two miles from the foot of the Rajagriha hills and near the 
banks of the Panchana. The surrounding country is well-wooded, and a 
beautiful tank forms the western boundary of the village, which possesses a 
large mud fort, said to have been built early in the last century by Kamdar 
Khan Main of Rajagriha. To the south of the tank is the ruin of a stiipa, 
near which I found a pile of Buddhist idols — most of them much mutilated. 
I recovered, however, one very fine figure of Buddha, the description of 
* Memoires, Tom. II., p. 51. f Memoires, p. 51. ] Idem, p. 54. 
