218 F. Stoliczka — Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kaclih. [No. 3, 
occur, likewise shew very few representants, such as the Muscicapidce, Am- 
pellidcD, Bring illidte, Corvidre, &e. 
Among the brushwoods the common birds are Pycnonotus chrysorrhoides 
Otocampsa leueotis, Lanius vittatus, Iora Zeylaniea, Sylvia curruca, Mania 
Malabarica, &c., less numerous are Phyllopneuste rama, Pericrocotus pere- 
grinus, Orthodomus longicaudus , Drymoipus Jerdoni, Phylloscopus tristis, 
Teplirodornis Pondiceriana and a few others, while Pams nuchalis or Leu- 
cocerca aureola are great rarities. Hunting between the bushes on the 
ground, we meet with Thamnobia Cambayensis, Citrinella Huttoni and Clia- 
torhea caudata , always in company with Pranklinia Buchamni, and on still 
more open ground Saxicola picata and deserti ( = atrogularis) . The above 
are actually the only very common birds, and five of each may at any time 
be seen for every one of any other kind. 
In the sandy plains we meet with a great number of GbalTjJ 3, particu- 
larly Otitidce&ni Gharadridas. Among these Oursoriw Jamesoni (?= gallicus), 
Chettusia gregaria, Lobivanellus indicus, Sarcioplwrus bilobus, Grus cinerea, 
Houbara Macquenii, are characteristic of the country ; several of these depart 
during the summer, but are replaced during the rains by the Florikan, Sypheo- 
tides auritus, which is said to arrive in large numbers in the rainy season. 
The starlings, grey partridges, pigeons, and doves keep, naturally enough, 
near the villages. In the fields few other larger birds except Geronticus 
papillosus and Buphus coromandus, and occasionally Grus antigone, are to 
be seen ; of smaller birds Agrodroma campestris and several species of larks 
are common. Both Grallatores and Natatores are abundant on the small 
lakes and tanks. Indeed scarcely a pool of water, if only thirty or forty 
feet in length, will be met with without some species of Aetitis or Totanus, 
but particularly common are Uimantopas intermedins, Spatula clypeata 
and Qiterqucdula crecca. On the somewhat larger tanks one is certain to 
meet besides these with the gadwall ( ' Ohaulelasmus strep eras), the pintail 
( Bafila acuta), the little grobe ( Podiceps minor), and also Limosa cego- 
cephala and one or the other of the white Herodias. Naturally in an open 
country, where sport is comparatively easy, birds of prey would not be want- 
ing, and amongst these Palco jugger, Hypotriorchis chiqucra, Aquila fulves- 
A change in the physical conditions of a country will be rapidly followed by a corre- 
sponding change in the fauna, either decreasing or increasing, and thus the geogra- 
phical limits of a species become mainly dependent upon physical conditions. To give 
an example, I mean, that if for instance one of the low hill ranges of Kachh, 
averaging a height of a few hundred feot, was replaced by one of similar mineralogical 
character and of an average height of 5000 feet, wo would very soon find it wooded, 
and then inhabited by an abundance of Malabar forms, although these would be absent 
in the intervening desert country. An actual example of this may be seon on Mount 
Aboo, as known from Dr. King’s list of birds. 
