1872.] 
2G1 
On the land shells oe Penang island, with descriptions oe the 
ANIMALS AND ANATOMICAL NOTES ; 'part first , CyCLOSTOHACEA, 
by De. F. Stoliczka. 
(Read and received 6th August, 1872). 
[With plate X.] 
Penang, or Prince of Wales island, although possessing a rich vegeta- 
tion, growing on old metamorphic soil, a moderately hilly ground, and a moist 
warm climate, — all elements most favorable to Molluscous life, — has up the 
present time yielded a comparatively very small number of land shells, and 
this in spite of the repeated visits which it had received from numerous 
travellers to the East. I can scarcely find record of more than ten species 
of both Cyclostomacea and Helicacea, which had been reported to occur on 
Penang. The paucity of shells seemed to me scarcely credible ; but, when 
visiting the island hi 18G9, I was not a little astonished to meet for days 
with nothing else except JBulimua atricallosus and citrinus, and Helix simi- 
laris in the low country, cultivated with coco-palms and nutmegs, while in 
the hills the only common species were a It o tul a and Cycloph. Malayanus , 
Benson’s Helix Cymatium, described from Lancavi, being much rarer. After 
many days wanderings I noticed that all those portions ot the ground, 
which at any, even remote, time shewed signs of having been once under 
cultivation, were hopeless in a malacological point of view, and I turned 
into the more wild and deep ravines of the North- Western pait of the 
island. There, after some days search, particularly in the extensive and very 
dense forests along the edges of more open tracks, abounding with a rich 
under-vegetation, 1 was more successful by adding a good number of land 
shells to the few already known. Many of these are new to science, and as 
I had obtained all the species alive, and noted the peculiarities of the 
structure of the animals, my observations, even as regards the few formerly 
described species, may be useful in supplementing the information which we 
already possess. 
I shall begin in this first part of the paper with the Ctclostomacea, 
of which ten species will be reported. My remarks will on this occasion not 
enter into anatomical details, because I wish to reserve these for a com- 
prehensive study on the anatomy of all the Indian and Burmese species of 
this group, and the isolated facts would not prove equally interesting as 
when related in connection with others. 
In the second part, which will treat of the Helicacea, I will, however, 
give all those anatomical details, which are in many instances essential for 
the correct determination ol the different genera. 
