Gallus  Linn.^ 
Bill  moderate,  strong,  with  the  culmen  arched  to  the  tip ; the  sides  compressed ; the  nostrils  basal, 
lateral,  placed  in  a membranous  groove,  and  exposed.  Wings  short  and  rounded,  with  the  fourth,  fifth, 
sixth,  and  seventh  quills  nearly  equal,  and  longest.  Tail  moderate,  much  compressed  on  the  sides,  and 
wedge-shaped  ; it  is  covered  by  the  lengthened  coverts,  which  are  gracefully  curved.  Tarsi  long,  robust, 
armed  with  a long  curved  spur,  and  covered  in  front  with  broad  divided  scales.  Toes  long,  with  the 
base  of  the  anterior  ones  united  by  a membrane  ; the  lateral  ones  unequal,  the  outer  one  the  longest; 
the  hind  toe  short,  and  scarcely  elevated.  Head  surmounted  by  a fleshy  crest ; the  cheeks  naked,  and  a 
lengthened  round  wattle  from  the  base  on  each  side  of  the  lower  mandible. 
The  type  of  the  game  fowls  is  a native  of  the  large  jungles  of  the  continent  of  India  and  its  isles.  Some  are  peculiar 
to  the  woods  of  the  lower  or  level  districts,  while  others  are  mostly  seen  in  the  woods  on  the  sides  of  the  mountains. 
During  the  day  they  are  generally  observed  on  the  borders,  and  on  the  least  alarm  conceal  themselves  within  the  wood 
or  jungle.  Various  seeds,  fruits  of  the  forest  trees,  larvai,  &c.,  are  their  chief  food.  The  nidification  is  performed  on 
the  ground  in  a large  nest,  composed  of  fine  herbs  and  grasses. 
1.  G.  Bankim  Tetrnn. — Phasianus  Gallus  Gmel. ; Tetrao  ferru- 
gineus  Gmel.  Lath.  Gen.  Syn.  pi.  66.,  Jard.  & Selby  111.  Orn.  pi. 
130.;  Gallus  Gallorum  Lew.  Gray  III.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  43.  f.  3.; 
Type  of  the  domestic  varieties. 
2.  G.  eeneun  Cuv.  Temm.  Pi.  col.  374. 
3.  G.  Anstrutheri  Gray,  Griff.  An.  Kingd.  iii.  p.  21. 
4.  G.  varius  (Shaw),  Shaw’s  Nat.  Misc.  pi.  35,9 Gallus  java- 
nicus  Horsf. ; G.  furcatus  Temm.  PI.  col.  433.,  Gray  111.  Ind.  Zool. 
pi.  43.  f.  1. 
5.  G.  Sonneratii  Temm.  Pi.  col.  232,  233 Phasianus  Gallus 
Scop.  Sonn.  Voy.  Ind.  t.  94,  95.  ; Gallus  Stanley!  Gray,  111.  Ind. 
Zool.  pi.  43.  f.  2.;  Phasianus  indicus  Leach,  Zool.  Misc.  pi.  6l. 
6.  G.  Lafayettii  Less. 
7.  ? G.  ecaudatus  (Linn.)  Temm.  Rees’s  Encycl.  Orn.  pi.  5.  f.  3. 
8.  G.  (jiganteus  Temm.  Gray’s  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  44,  45. 
9-  G.  morio  (Linn.)  Temm. 
10.  G.  fanates  (Linn.)  Temm.  PI.  enl.  28.  Rees’s  Encycl.  Orn. 
pi.  5.  f.  4. 
11.  G.  crispus  (Linn.)  Temm.  Rees’s  Encycl.  Orn.  pi.  6.  f.  15. 
16. 
Ceriounis  STvains.'f 
Bill  short  and  thick,  Avith  the  culmen  much  arched  to  the  tip,  which  is  obtuse ; the  sides  compressed ; 
the  nostrils  basal,  lateral,  oval,  and  naked.  Wings  ample,  and  very  concave,  with  the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth, 
and  seventh  quills  the  longest.  Tail  ample  and  rounded.  Tai^si  the  length  of  the  middle  toe,  robust, 
and  covered  in  fiont  by  bioad  divided  scales.  Toes  long,  the  lateral  ones  unequal ; the  front  ones  united 
at  the  base  by  a membrane,  the  hind  toe  moderate  and  shghtly  elevated ; the  claws  long  and  curved. 
Head  furnished  with  a long  horn  over  each  eye  ; and  beneath  the  throat  two  short  naked  spaces,  which 
are  capable  of  expansion  into  wattles. 
These  birds  are  peculiar  to  the  deep  and  gloomy  pine  'forests  of  the  elevated  mountains  of  the  central  parts  of  the 
Asiatic  continent.  They  are  solitary  and  very  difficult  to  be  approached,  and  are  only  discovered  by  their  «hrill 
whistle.  It  requires  three  years  for  the  male  birds  to  obtain  their  full  plumage;  the  very  young  birds  are  like  the 
female  parent.  The  first  change  takes  place  in  the  neck;  the  second  moult  produces  a further  alteration  and  extends 
on  the  breast,  which  will  point  out  the  males  of  the  coveys;  the  horns  and  throat-appendage  are  not  attained  till  the 
third  year  These_  appendages  are  most  prominent  during  the  spring  season,  and  at  other  times  so  much  diminished  in 
size  as  to  be  quite  invisible.  When  expanded,  they  are  of  a most  brilliant  scarlet  varied  with  vivid  purnle  skv  blue 
and  green. 
A • ^ 11  A ’ ^ — r'  . viiiiuu  vviin  vma 
Drams,  roots,  and  larvai  of  ants  and  other  insects,  form  the  principal  food  of  these  birds. 
1.  C.  Lathami  (Gray),  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  51.  — Mcleagris  Satyra 
Linn.  Edwards’s  Birds,  pi.  11 6.,  PI.  col.  543,  544.;  Satyra  Pen- 
nantii  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  49.,  Gould’s  Cent,  of  B.  pi.  62., 
Vieill.  Gal.  des  Ois.  t.  206. 
2.  C.  melanocephala  (Gray),  Griff  An.  Kingd.  iii.  29.,  111.  Ind. 
Zool.  pi.  46,  47,  48.  — Tragopan  Hastingsii  Vigors,  Gould’s  Cent, 
of  B.  pi.  63,  64,  & 65.  ; Satyra  nipalensis  Gray,  in  Griff  An 
Kingd.  iii.  p.  20.,  Illustrations  of  Ind.  Zool.  ii.  pi.  40.  ; P.  castaneus 
Gray.  ? 
3.  C.  Temminckii  (Gray),  III.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  50. 
* Established  by  Linnaeus  in  1744. 
t Established  by  M.  Lesson  {Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  lix.  p.  106.),  in  1828,  under  the  name  of 
Tragopan.  In  1837,  Mr.  Swainson  substituted  in  their  place  Ceriornis  ; both  the  former 
Satyra;  and,  in  the  same  year,  Cuvier 
names  having  been  previously  used. 
proposed 
January,  1845. 
