Orfc  V.  GALLINJS. 
Family  IV.  Tetraonid^:. 
' he  fourth  Subfamily, 
TETRAONINiE,  or  Grouse, 
Nostrils  enU  broader  than  elevated  at  the  base;  the  sides  gradually  compressed  to  the  tip;  the 
^^rious  for  clothed  with  small  feathers  ; the  Wings  moderate  and  rounded  ; the  Tail  ample,  and  of 
covered  Tarsi  moderate,  more  or  less  clothed  "with  feathers ; the  Toes  long,  and  sometimes 
feathers. 
Tetrao  Linn.* 
the  side  broader  than  elevated  at  the  base,  with  the  culmen  curved  from  the  base  to  the  tip; 
^ith  small  compressed  ; the  nostrils  basal,  lateral,  and  the  nasal  membrane  entirely  clothed 
^he  lono-est  ^ feathers.  Wings  short,  concave,  and  rounded,  with  the  third  and  fourth  quills 
Case  ofthe't  ’moderate,  of  various  forms.  Tarsi  as  long  as  the  middle  toe,  and  feathered  to  the 
slio-p^i  covered  and  pectinated  on  the  sides  with  rough  scales ; the  hind  toe  short 
ft'iugeq^gj^i^  ; the  claws  short  and  curved.  The  eyebrows  naked,  with  a red,  papillose,  and 
Thes 
^Pccially  of  of  the  northern  parts  of  Europe  and  America,  inhabiting  the  large  pine  and  spi’uce  forests, 
lairds  con<^  higher  mountains,  barren  and  bushy  plains,  and  cedar  swamps.  During  the  autumn  and  winter  the 
ooses  some  harmoniously  together  until  the  retuim  of  spring,  w'hen  the  males  separate,  and  each 
cside  priocioall  which  he  entices  a female,  who  attends  entirely  to  the  hatching  of  the  young.  They 
a 1 ^^cir  food  ^ gi’ound  during  the  summer,  but  in  the  winter  they  seek  the  trees,  w'hereon  they  chieny 
birch^  &Q  ’ ecu  consists  of  seeds  and  berries  of  alpine  plants  and  trees,  and  the  tender  shoots  of  pines,  firs, 
visit  arable  lands  in  the  vicinity  of  their  retreats,  and  even  approach  the  habitations  ot 
c ground”  esnp  with  the  poultry  in  their  repast.  The  nest  is  composed  of  a few  stalks  of  grass  placed  on 
^ eggs.  ^ cially  in  marshy  places,  concealed  by  a tuft  of  tall  grass  or  a low  bush  ; the  female  deposits  from  six  to 
T. 
“'fids  B,  of  Biir  ®"b  73,  74.  — Urogallus  major 
2.  T.  248. 
Sparr.  Mus.  Carls,  t.  15.  — Tetrao  medius 
Petg,.g^  ...  ^ ur.  pi.  24p_.  T.  intermedius  ianpsd.  Mdm. 
ranade„J„  "rogalloides  Nils. 
Ti'  Pr.  Bnr,  ^ Tetrao  Canace  Linn.  PI. 
Paun.  Bo,.  T 20-  21.  f.  2.  ; T.  Franklini 
' ***e'^'  PP  fiE  62.,  Audubon’s  Birds  of  Amer. 
Amer  Say  p„  « 
Cl  Z'  ^9.  60.  _ T ® P^’  4 S',  Paun.  Bor. 
* ■ etrao  Franklini  Sabine,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer. 
1.  X 
ots, 
5.  T.  Cupido  Linn.  Catesb.  Carol.  App.pl.  1.,  Wils.  Amer.  Orn. 
pi.  27.  f.  1.,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  186. 
6.  T.  UropAasiawM*  Pr.  Bonap.  Zool.  Journ.  iii.  212.,  Amer.  Orn. 
pi.  21.,  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  pi.  58.,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  371.; 
Type  of  Centrocercus  Swains.  (1831). 
7.  T.  Phasianellus  Linn.  Edwards’s  Birds,  pi.  117.,  Pr.  Bonap. 
Amer.  Orn.  pi.  19.  — Tetrao  Uropliasianellus  Dmgl.  Audub.  B.  of 
Amer.  pi.  382. 
8.  T.  Te«n>Linn.  PL  enl.  172,  173.,  Gould’s  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  250., 
Jard.  & Selby’s  111.  Orn.  n.  s.  pL  53.  47.,  Pall.  Zoogr.  ii.  t.  52.  — 
Type  of  Lyrurus  Swains.  (1831). 
9.  T.  Derhinnus  Gould,  Proc.  Z.  S.  1837.  132. 
Bonasa  Steph.-\ 
^ 
^he  apicn)  n lormer  by  the  Tarsi  having  the  basal  half  clothed  with  long  hair-like  feathers, 
1^1  naked,  and  covered  with  scales.  Toes  like  those  of  Tetrao. 
hese 
in  1735.  In  1777,  Scopoli  employed  Urogallus;  in  1829,  ^4; 
t Estabr  with  > while,  in  1831,  Mr.  Swainson  also  made  two  other  divisions,  Lyrurus 
(Oen.SoT’xi.  p.  298.)  in  I8I9.  In  1828,  the  Prince  of  Canino  used  Bonasia  ; and,  in  1840,  Count 
aius  employed  Tetrastes  for  tbe  same  type. 
