CHARADRIN^. 
1.  V.  cristatus  Meyer,  PL  enl.  242.  — Tringa  vanellus  Linn. 
Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  291.  ; T.  bononiensis  Gmel. ; Vanellus  gavia 
Licht. ; V.  segyptius  Hempr. 
2.  V.  cayennensis  (Gmel.)  PI.  enl.  836.  — Charadrius  lampro- 
notus  Wagl. 
3.  V.  resplendens  Tschudi,  Wiegm.  Archiv.  1843.  p.  388. 
4.  V.  ptiloscelis  G.  R.  Gray. 
5.  V.  lencurus  Licht.  Eversm.  fieise  nach  Buchara,  p- 
Descr.  de  I’Egypte,  Ois.  t.  6.  f.  2.  — Vanellus  flavipes  Sav. ; 
Villotei  Audouin. 
5.  ? V.  grallarius  Less.  Tr.  d’Orn.  p.  542. 
Chettusia  Pr.  Bonaj).* 
Bill  moderate,  and  more  or  less  strong,  with  the  culmen  depressed  at  the  base  and  vaulted  at  tb*^ 
tip,  the  sides  compressed  and  grooved ; the  nostrils  lateral,  basal,  and  placed  in  the  groove  of  the  upp^^ 
mandible,  which  extends  for  two  thirds  its  length,  with  the  opening  linear.  Wings  long  and  pointed , 
with  the  first,  second,  and  third  quills  nearly  equal  and  longest.  Tail  moderate,  broad,  and  even- 
Tarsi  much  longer  than  the  middle  toe,  slende^  and  covered  in  front  with  divided  broad  scales. 
four ; the  thi-ee  anterior  toes  long  and  rather  slender ; the  outer  toe  longer  than  the  inner,  and  united  at 
the  base ; the  hind  toe  short  and  elevated.  The  front  of  the  head  sometimes  lobed,  and  the  wing  som® 
times  armed  with  a spine. 
The  species  are  found  in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  South  America,  Australia,  and  the  West  India  Islands.  Tbef 
frequent  in  flocks  the  borders  of  lakes  and  humid  places,  and  even  at  times  the  open  plains.  They  are  continuaby 
uttering  their  notes,  whether  on  the  wing  or  on  the  ground.  Their  food  consists  of  various  kinds  of  insects  and  snaa 
crustaceous  animals.  The  nest  is  composed  of  grass  collected  together  into  a slight  hollow  on  the  ground.  The  egg® 
are  two  or  three  in  number. 
1.  C.  gregaria  (Pall.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Pall.  Reise,  i.  p.  456.,  Zoogr. 
ii.  t.  56.  — Tringa  Keptuschka  Lepech,  ; T.  fasciata  Gmel.  juv. 
It.  ii.  p.  194.  t.  26.,  Fauna  pontica,  t.  3.  ; Charadrius  Wagleri 
Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  292. ; Pluvianus 
cinereus  Blyth. 
2.  C.  indica  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  307.  ■ — Parra  goensis  Gmel. 
Gould,  Cent,  of  B.  pi.  ; Type  of  Lobivanellus  Strickl.  1841. 
3.  C.  gallinacea  (Wagl.)  Jard.  & Selby,  111.  Orn.  pi.  84. 
4.  C.  miles  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  835.  — Parra  ludoviciana  Gmel.; 
Charadrius  callceas  Wagl. 
5.  C.  senegalla  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  362. 
6.  C.  albicopilla  (Vieill.)  Nouv.  Diet.  d’Hist.  Nat.  xxxv.  p-  ’ 
Gal,  des  Ois.  t.  236. ; Vanellus  strigilatus  Swains.  B.  of  44  • 
ii.  pi.  27. 
7.  C.  lateralis  (A.  Smith),  lU.  Zool.  S.  Afr.  Birds,  pi.  23. 
8.  C.  macroptera  (Cuv.)  — Vanellus  tricolor  Horsf. 
9.  C.  cucullata  (Temm.)  PI.  col.  505. 
10.  C.  lobata  (Lath.). 
11.  C.  melanocephala  (Riipp.)  Syst.  Uebers.  &e.  t.  44. 
12.  C.  per  sonata  (Gould),  Proc.  Z.  S.  1842.  p.  113., 
i B.  of  Austr.  pi. 
■ 13.  C.  dominicana  {hum.)  — Charadrius  BrissoniilfaD'^- 
Erythrogonys  Gould.-\ 
Bill  moderate  and  rather  strong,  the  sides  compressed  and  grooved ; the  nostrils  lateral,  basab 
placed  in  a groove  that  extends  three  fourths  of  the  length  of  the  upper  mandible,  with  the  openi®^ 
near.  Wings  moderate  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail  short  and  even. 
» ih^ 
much  longer  than  the  middle  toe,  slender,  and  covered  in  front  by  transverse  scales.  Toes  four ; 
* It  was  in  1839  that  the  Prince  of  Canino  established  this  genus.  It  embraces  Lobivanellus  (1841)  of  Mr.  Strickland, 
t Mr.  Gould  established  this  genus  in  1837  (^Proc.  ZooL  Soc,  1837*  p.  155.). 
6 Q 
