VII.  GRALL JS. 
Family  T.  CHARADEiDii':. 
Xhe 
Subi; 
amily, 
h 
CINCLINiE,  or  Tuiinstones, 
9,Vq  th^  7^* 
epical  1‘9'ther  short  and  straight,  with  the  culmen  straight  and  sometimes  vaulted  at  the 
®id.es  compressed  to  the  tip,  which  is  obtuse  or  acute ; the  Nostrils  placed  in  a mem- 
lono'  with  the  opening  linear  and  longitudinal ; the  Wings  lengthened,  with  the  first  quill  the 
gCstj  Tn'l  T . 
the  rather  short ; the  Tarsi  short,  robust,  and  covered  with  small  scales  ; the  Toes  long, 
eral 
*^nes  unequal,  and  free  at  their  bases,  the  hind  toe  rather  long,  slender,  and  elevated. 
Aphriza  Auduhj^ 
^itl 
shorti 
^^'ilted  and  culmen  elevated  at  the  base,  and  sloping  towards  the  tip,  w'Jiicli  is 
placed  sides  compressed ; the  gonys  moderate  and  curved  iipwards  ; the  nostidls  lateral, 
Opening  li  ^ ^ ^^embranous  nasal  groove  that  extends  two  thirds  the  length  of  the  bill,  with  the 
^^^erate  longitudinal.  Wings  very  long,  pointed,  and  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail 
loner  • Tarsi  the  length  of  the  middle  toe,  robust,  and  covered  with  small  irregular  scales, 
sides  r outer  toe  rather  longer  than  the  inner,  both,  however,  being  free  at  their  bases. 
of  the 
anterior  toes  margined,  the  hind  toe  elevated,  slender,  and  partly  resting  on  the  ground, 
aortijgrj,  S®nu8  is  found  on  the  coast  of  the  western  side  of  both  North  and  South  America,  migrating  from 
Xh, 
^ tile  sutum^^*  niore  temperate  portions  on  the  approach  of  the  winter,  and  returning  again  to  the  old  haunts 
^aiali  shellg  ^^'^Ppears.  It  usually  sits  on  the  edge  of  the  steep  rocks,  and  while  seeking  its  food,  which  consists 
a qui^jjj  .’  the  retreating  waves,  it  allows  the  heavy  surf  frequently  to  dash  over  it.  If  disturbed,  it  flies 
'ng  motion  of  its  wings,  and  alights  again  at  a short  distance  from  the  place  whence  it  was  started. 
A. 
pl. 
(hath.) 
®llis.  Icon.  ined.  66.  — Tringa  borealis  Lath.  Ellis,  Icon.  ined.  62.  ; Aphriza  Townsendii  Auduh.  B.  of  Amer. 
% 
CiNCLUS  Moehr.'\ 
"“■i  the 
^^ther 
sides 
siiorter  than  the  head,  straight,  and  slightly  depressed  at  the  base,  with  the  culmen  straight. 
'^’^Wed  ^ h^uch  compressed  to  the  tip,  which  is  truncated ; the  lateral  margins  of  both  mandibles 
1,  oA  x'T  . 
^be  tip ; the  gonys  moderate  and  ascending  ; the  nostrils  lateral,  and  placed  in  a 
■sou 
^--'tabli 
by  *is  genus  in  1839  {Syn.  of  Amer.  Birds,  p.  225.). 
' ^^0)  are  m 1752  {Genera  Avium).  Strepsilas  of  Illiger 
OUS. 
{\^\\),  Morinella  oi  Meyer  (1810)^  and  Arenaria  o[ 
