CINCL]X.i£. 
membranous  groove  that  extends  half  the  length  of  the  upper  mandible,  with  the  opening  linear 
longi(;udinal.  Wings  very  long  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail  moderate,  and  slight^^ 
rounded.  Tarsi  as  long  as  the  middle  toe,  robust,  and  covered  in  front  with  broad  scales.  Toes  long) 
the  outer  toe  rather  longer  than  the  inner,  and  both  free  at  the  base,  and  the  sides  of  all  margined  by  n 
narrow  membrane,  the  hind  toe  elevated,  with  the  tip  resting  on  the  ground. 
The  species  that  compose  this  genus  are  found,  owing  to  their  migratory  habits,  on  the  sea-shores  of  most  parts  oi 
the  world  at  one  time  or  other  of  the  year.  They  are  generally  seen  in  small  flocks  of  five  or  six  individual?) 
following  each  retreating  wave  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the  shell-fish  that  may  be  thrown  up  by  the  action  of  tb® 
sea.  It  is  usual  to  observe  them  also  among  the  sca-wceds  that  have  been  left  on  the  shore  by  the  retiring  tide,  turnu’o 
over  the  separate  pieces  of  weeds  to  procure  the  shell-fish  and  insects  that  lie  concealed  among  them.  The  form  of  lb® 
bill  enables  these  birds  to  turn  over  the  shell  and  to  scoop  out  the  animal  with  great  dexterity.  The  females  are 
to  deposit  four  eggs  on  the  sand  of  the  sea-coast. 
1.  C.  interpres  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  856.,  Edwards’s  Birds,  pi.  141. — | 2.  C.  melanocephalus  Vigors,  PI.  en).  S40.  857.  — Strepsila® 
Strepsilas  collaris  Temm.  ; Tringa  Morinella  Linn. ; Charadrius  | terpres  Auduh.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  304. 
cinclus  Pall.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  318. 
Pluvianellus  Homb.  Jacq. 
Bill  small,  with  the  base  rather  depressed,  and  the  apical  half  slightly  vaulted,  and  arched  to  the  tip) 
which  is  acute  ; the  gonys  half  the  length  of  the  lower  mandible,  and  ascending ; the  nostrils  lateral, 
placed  in  a membranous  groove  that  extends  for  half  the  length  of  the  bill,  with  the  opening  linear 
longitudinal.  Wings  very  long  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail  moderate  and  slig^t^^ 
rounded.  Tarsi  much  shorter  than  the  middle  toe,  and  covered  in  front  with  transverse  scales,  aa^ 
on  the  sides  with  reticulated  scales.  Toes  long,  with  the  outer  toe  longer  than  the  inner,  both 
the  base,  and  the  sides  of  the  fore  toes  slightly  margined  by  a membrane  ; the  hind  toe  rather  short  aa 
elevated. 
P.  socialis  Homb.  & Jacq.  Voy.  au  Pole  Sud,  Ois.  t.  30.  f.  1. 
December,  1 846. 
