VII.  GRALL JS. 
Family  III.  ScoLOPACiDiE. 
Th, 
® Second  Subfamily, 
TOTANINiE,  or  Longshanks, 
^S'Ve  tbe 
^^rved  slender,  compressed,  and  grooved  on  the  sides,  with  the  culmen  more  or  less  straight, 
or  h ’ ^cute  at  the  tip  ; the  nostrils  linear,  and  placed  in  the  lateral  groove,  which  extends  to 
rp  _ middle  of  the  bill ; the  Wings  long  and  pointed ; the  Tail  moderate  and  even,  or  rounded  ; 
'^®Ually  1 Lss  long,  slender,  and  covered  in  front  with  narrow  transverse  scales ; the  Toes 
*^*P^ciali  ^ slender,  the  lateral  ones  unequal,  and  generally  united  at  the  base  to  the  middle  toe, 
y the  outer ; the  hind  toe  long,  slender,  and  hardly  touehing  the  ground. 
Totanus  Bechst.* 
'^pressed  long  and  strong,  with  the  culmen  straight,  or  slightly  curved,  and  the  sides 
'^P'V'ards  slightly  curved  and  acute ; the  gonys  long,  and  slightly  curved 
leiitqjj  nostrils  linear,  and  placed  in  a membranous  groove,  which  does  not  extend  beyond  half 
reaching  beyond  the  end  of  the  tail  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the 
®^®Jider  moderate,  and  nearly  even.  Tarsi  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  middle  toe,  more  or  less 
'^^hed  covered  in  front  with  numerous  very  narrow  scales.  Toes  long,  slender,  the  anterior  toes 
^'^Utid  ^ ^ ^^^®mbrane,  especially  the  outer  ; the  hind  toe  slender,  elevated,  and  hardly  touching  the 
tl 
lese 
birds  are  scattered  in  both  hemispheres,  especially  in  the  temperate  and  northern  portions.  They 
®cej 
Ml 
f ’ ^tlt  at  . * V...  ....V/  ......  ....  .....  ..........  ..... 
is  seasons  they  resort  to  the  moist  woods  and  marshes,  for  the  purpose  of  rearing  their  young.  Their 
Wo^  ground,  or  among  the  gravel  and  stones,  on  the  shores  of  lakes  and  rivers.  It  consists  of 
’ ^*^d  small  molluscous  animals  and  fish.  The  nest  is  usually  formed  in  a tuft  of  grass,  or  in  a slight 
which  is  lined  with  dry  grass  and  other  vegetable  remains.  The  female  usually  deposits  four 
while  incubating  them,  generally  flies  round  the  intruder,  uttering  at  the  same  time  a series  of 
y Seen 
m pairs,  or  in  small  flocks,  on  the  banks  of  the  lakes  and  rivers,  and  sometimes  on  the  shores  of  the 
"eprer  • 
®®sion 
T''  > and 
of  1803.  Ilyornis  of  Dr.  Kaup  (1829)  is  synonymous.  It  embraces  Glottis  of  M.  Nilson  (181  ?),  with 
^afineso'^*'  (18 16)  is  synonymous,  Garnbetta,  Erythroscelus,  RliyacopMlus,  and  Helodromus  of  Dr.  Kaup  (1829),  and  also 
'1'*®  (I8I9),  with  which  Catoptrophorus  of  the  Prince  of  Canino  (1820)  and  Hodites  of  Dr.  Kaup  (1829)  are 
