scolopacinj:. 
groove,  with  the  opening  oblong  and  exposed.  Wings  moderate  and  pointed,  with  the  first  and  secon<- 
quills  equal  and  longest.  7h^7  short  and  rounded.  Tarsi  moderate,  shorter  than  the  middle  toe,  stic>^»’ 
and  covered  in  front  with  narrow  transverse  scales ; the  tibia  bare  for  a short  space  above  the  knee 
Toes  long,  the  inner  toe  shorter  than  the  outer,  and  free  at  their  base ; the  hind  toe  moderate  nn 
elevated,  with  the  claw  long  and  curved. 
These  birds  are  scattered  through  the  globe.  They  frequent  swampy  woods  and  forests,  or  the  open 
morasses,  and  borders  of  rivers.  Their  usual  times  for  seeking  their  food  is  early  in  the  morning,  and  during 
twilight  of  the  evening : it  consists  of  insects  and  worms ; for  these  they  search  the  decayed  leaves,  and  the} 
probe  the  mud  and  slime  with  their  lengthened  bills.  When  alarmed,  they  genei’ally  lie  close  to  the  ground  or  ^ 
the  grass,  or  suddenly  start  on  the  wing,  escaping  by  a short  flight,  which  is  elevated,  rapid,  and  irregular  • 
number  of  the  eggs  is  usually  four ; these  are  deposited  on  the  ground. 
1.  G.  major  (Gmel.)  Stepli.  — Scolopax  media  Frisch.  Vog.  t. 
228.  ; S.  paludosa  Retx. ; S.  palustris  Pall.  ; S.  gallinacea  Dumont, 
Gould,  B,  of  Eur.  pi.  321.  f.  1. ; Gallinago  Montagni  Pr.  Bnnap. 
2.  G.  media  Stepli.  — Scolopax  gallinago  Linn. ; S.  grallinaria 
Gmel.  PI.  enl.  883.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  321.  f.  2.  ; Gallinago  sco- 
lopacinus  Pr.  Bonap. ; S.  uniclavatus  Hodys.  Journ.  As.  Soc.  B. 
1837.492. 
3.  ? G.  Brehmii  (Kaup.). 
4.  G.  gallinula  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  884.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  322. 
— Gallinago  minima  Steph. ; Type  of  I.ymnocryptes  Kaup. 
5.  G.  Wilsoni  (Temm.)  Pr.  Bonap.  — Scolopax  gallinago  Wils. 
Amer.  Orn.  pi.  47.  f.  2.,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  243.  ; S.  delicata 
Ord. 
6.  G.  Drumniondii  (Swains.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  ii. 
p.  400. 
7.  G.  Douglassii  (Swains.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  ii.  p. 
400. 
8.  G.  leucura  (Swains.)  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  ii.  p.  501. 
9.  G.  trachydactglus  (Wagl.)  Isis,  1831.  p.  522. 
10.  G.  stenura  (Temm.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Monogr.  Scol.  sp.  7.  — Sco- 
lopax gallinago  Horsf. ; S.  Horsfieldii  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  ii.  pi.  54. 
f. ; S.  biclavatus  Hodgs. ; Gallinago  media  var.  Hodys. ; G.  heterura 
Hodgs, 
1 ScoIoP*'’^ 
11.  G.  (Lath.)  Lamb.  Icon.  ined.  hi.  t. 
Ilardwickii  Gray. 
12.  G.  solitaria  (Hodgs.)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1836.  p.  8- 
13.  G.  Burha  (Pr.  Bonap.)  Monogr.  Scolop.  (note). 
14.  G.  nemoricola  (Hodgs.)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1830.  P- 
111.  Ind.  Orn.  pi.  9. ; Type  of  Nemoricola  Hodgs.  (18S7)' 
15.  G.  paraguake  (Vieill.)  Ency.  Meth.  p. — 
Swains. ; S.  frenatus  III.  Azara,  No.  387* 
16.  G.  magellanica  (King),  Zool.  Journ.  iv.  p. 
17.  G.  aticlclandtca  G.K.  Gray,  Voy.  Ereb.  & Terr.  Zo  P 
18.  G.  elegans  (Uesjard.)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1835. 
19*  G.  cayanensis  (Gmel.)  Steph.  .iluJ®** 
20.  G.  uiidulata  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  895.  — Scolopax  P» 
Gmel. ; S.  australis  Le.ss.  j_  3.1. 
21.  G.  Strick/andii  G.  B.  Gray,  Voy.  Ereb.  & Terr.  Birds-  P ■ 
22.  G.  gigantea  (Natt.)  PI.  col.  403.  gouP'’ 
24.  G.  AaWni  (Vigors),  Linn.  Trans,  xiv.  p.  550.  pl-^^'’  e of 
B.  of  Eur.  pi.  321.  f.  1.,  Jard.  & Selby,  111.  Orn.  h-P-  27-  i 
Enalius  Kaup.  (1829).  ^ 
> 25.  G.  sakhalina  (Vieill.)  N.  Diet.  d’Hist.  Nat.  ih-  S59-’ 
Voy.  t.  80.  jplc 
26.  G.  saturata  (Horsf.)  Steph.  Linn.  Trans,  xhi-  P 
Res.  in  .lava,  pi. 
Scolopax  Linn.* 
Bill  long,  slender,  straight,  compressed,  and  grooved  on  the  sides  for  nearly  its  entire 
tip  obtuse,  and  bent  over  that  of  the  lower  mandible  ; the  nostrils  lateral,  basal,  placed  in 
groove,  with  the  opening  exposed  and  linear.  Wings  long,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest, 
and  rounded.  Tarsi  shorter  than  the  middle  toe,  robust,  feathered  below  the  knee,  and 
front  with  narrow  transverse  scales.  Toes  moderate,  rather  slender,  the  inner  toe  shorter  tka 
outer  ; the  hind  toe  long  and  elevated,  with  the  claws  very  small. 
length ; 
the 
the 
covepe 
dll’ 
* Linnseus  established  this  genus  in  1750. 
It  had  been  previously  proposed  under  the  name  of  Rusticola  by  Mcehring  m 
1752- 
4 X 
