FULIGULIN^.. 
the  fresh-water  lakes  and  rivers ; but  some  are  more  especially  found  on  the  sea  shore.  Their  food  consists  princip'  / 
of  small  bivalve  and  univalve  shells,  which  they  dive  for,  or  for  which  they  search  the  pools  that  are  left  on  the  sa 
banks  after  the  tide  has  receded,  or  on  the  muddy  shores  that  are  found  on  some  coasts.  Others  feed  principally  o 
the  roots  of  aquatic  plants. 
1.  F.  cristata  (Ray),  PI.  enl.  1001.  1007. — Anas  Fuligula  Linn. ; 
Anas  Colymbis  Pali. ; Anas  scandiaca  Gmel. ; Anas  latirostra  Brun. ; 
Anas  notata  Bodd. 
2.  F.  collaris  (Don.)  Pr.  Bonap.,  Donov.  Brit.  Birds,  pi.  147.  — 
Anas  Fuligula  Wils.  Amer.  Ornithol.  pi.  67.  f.  5. ; Anas  rufitorques 
Pr.  Bonap. 
3.  Y.Marila  (Linn.)  Steph.  PI.  enl.  1002 Anas  fraenata  Sparr.; 
Anas  subterranea  Scop. 
4.  ? F.  marilo'ides  (Richards.)  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi-  dP- 
Fuligula  affinis  A'j/tore.  
5.  F.  nova  zealandicB  (Gmel.)  Steph.  Forst.  Icon.  ined.  *• 
Anas  atricilla  Forst.  MS.  cgO., 
6.  F.  metopias  (Poeppig),  Froriep’s  Notizen  (1829) 
Bull.  Sci.  Nat.  1829.  p.  lOS. 
7.  .i'  F.  rufa  (Linn.)  Steph.  Penn.  Br.  Zool.  t.  99v 
Reise,  ii.  t.  16. 
Nyroca  Flem.* 
Bill  as  long  as  the  head,  higher  at  the  base  than  broad ; the  culmen  gradually  sloping  towards  the  tip> 
which  is  depressed,  slightly  dilated,  and  armed  with  a strong  nail ; the  lamellEe  of  the  upper  mandible  n 
prominent ; and  the  nostrils  oval,  and  placed  near  the  base.  Wings  lengthened  and  pointed,  with 
two  first  qulUs  the  longest.  Tail  short  and  rounded.  Tarsi  half  the  length  of  the  middle  toe,  and  com 
pressed.  Toes  lengthened,  and  united  by  a full  web. 
The  ducks  which  compose  this  division  are  found  in  various  parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Australia,  and 
]SVtk 
lakeSj 
America.  They  migrate  in  flocks  to  the  higher  latitudes  to  breed ; and  are  generally  seen  on  the  fresh-water 
rivers,  and  marshes,  but  usually  at  no  great  distance  from  the  sea,  and  occasionally  on  the  sea  shore,  expertly  c 
for  their  food,  which  consists  of  aquatic  plants,  seeds,  and  insects.  The  nest  is  generally  placed  in  the  reeds, 
border  the  edge  of  lakes  and  rivers  ; it  is  formed  of  dried  vegetable  matter,  and  they  deposit  therein  from  eight 
1.  N./m'na  (Linn.)  Flem.  PI.  enl.  803. — Anas  rufa  Gmel.;  Anas 
ruflcollis  Scop. 
2.  ? N.  americana  (Pr.  Bonap.)  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  70.  f.  6. — 
Anas  ferina  Wils. 
3.  N.  Valisneria  (Wils.)  Steph.  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  70.  f.  5. 
4.  N.  leucophthalma  (Bechst.)  Flem.  PI.  enlumin.  1000.  — Anas 
Qrnel- 1 
Nyroca  Gueld. ; Anas  peregrina  Gmel. ; ? Anas  afncan 
Anas  Gmelini  Lath.  S.  G.  Gmel.  Reise,  ii.  t.  1 6. ; Anas 
Pall. 
5.  N.  australis  Gould,  Eyton’s  Anat.  p.  l60. 
6.  N.  brunnea  Eyton,  Anat.pl.  p.  l6l. 
7.  ? N./«toa  (Gmel.). 
Clangula  Flem.^ 
the  tip) 
Bill  shorter  than  the  head,  narrower  than  high  at  the  base ; the  culmen  gradually  sloping  to 
which  is  armed  with  a strong  broad  nail ; the  sides  narrowing  towards  the  tip,  the  lateral  ^ni^^ 
straight,  membranous,  and  then  curved  upwards  to  the  nail ; the  lameUaa  of  the  upper  naa 
prominent,  and  -widely  set ; and  the  nostrils  oval,  large,  and  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  biU-  ^ . 
moderate,  acute,  with  the  two  first  quids  the  longest.  Tail  rather  long,  and  graduated, 
shorter  than  the  middle  toe,  and  compressed.  Toes  lengthened,  and  united  by  a full  web. 
f the 
They  are  inhabitants  of  the  Arctic  regions,  from  whence  they  migrate  to  the  south  on  the  approach  o fligh* 
season.  Usually  seen  in  small  parties  on  fresh  lakes  and  the  larger  rivers,  and  sometimes  on  the  sea  shore. 
* Established  by  Dr.  Fleming  {Phil,  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  260.)  in  1822  ; but  M.  Boie,  in  the  same  year,  proposed  Aythya.  i ggp,  h-® 
t Established  by  Dr.  Fleming  {Phil  of  Zool.  ii.  p.  260.)  in  1822.  In  1828,  M.  Lesson  proposed  Histrionicus ; while,  m 
used  Glaucion  for  this  division. 
N 
