THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
again I anticipate little difficulty in differentiating juvenile forms when once 
they have been studied. It may be thought I have created too many sub- 
species, but I venture to anticipate the addition of several more when series 
from other localities are available. 
I have diagnosed twelve subspecies as follows, and would here point out 
that subspecies of E. striata and E. pectoralis are already on record from some 
of these localities : — 
Eulabeornis 
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philippensis pMlippensis Linne 
,, autralis Pelzehi . . 
,j sethsmithi, subsp. n. 
,, forsteri Hartlaub . . 
,, goodsoni, subsp. n. 
,, swindellsi, subsp. n. 
,, lesouefi, subsp. n. 
„ assimilis Gray 
,, macquariensis Hutton 
,, chandleri, subsp. n. . . 
,, wilkinsoni, subsp n. 
„ andrewsi subsp. n. 
. Philippine Islands. 
. . Australia. 
. . Fiji Islands. 
. . Tonga. 
. . Samoa. 
. . New Caledonia. 
. . New Hanover. 
. . New Zealand. 
. . Macquarie Islands. 
. Celebes. 
. . South Flores. 
. . Cocos Keeling. 
Eulabeornis philippensis philippensis Linne is restricted to the Philippines, 
and examination of a series gives the following characteristic features. The 
birds have scarcely any indication of red on the hind-neck ; have little spotting 
on the back ; the feathers on the upper-surface are blackish with very light 
brown (or ochraceous) margins which are extensive, so that on the rump only 
the ochraceous is seen, while the tail is unspotted and shows mostly ochraceous, 
the wing-coverts are very long, but do not hide the quills ; the ochraceous tips 
are most noticeable, the white spot and black-bar are scarcely seen; the secondaries 
with the same coloration are very long and exceed the primaries in each case, 
so that this is a distinctive feature ; scarcely any indication of a pectoral band 
exists, but the flanks and breast are washed with ohve-brown, a character which 
is shared by no subspecies ; the black-barring of the under-surface indistinct 
and scarcely indicated on the centre of the belly in the majority of specimens ; 
the lores are dusky brown. The measurements of the series show that the 
culmen varies from 29 to 31, the wing 141 to 148 and tarsus 41 to 46, the 
average figures being culmen 31, wing 144 and tarsus 43 mm. 
Eulabeornis philippensis australis Pelzeln is well differentiated by means of 
its small bill and short tarsus, while in coloration the chief points are the decided 
red hind-neck ; the feathers on the top of the head have reddish-brown fringes 
(not ochraceous as in the Philippine birds) ; the brown tips to the back-feathers 
are of a darker shade and much less extensive, and consequently the upper- 
surface has a generally darker appearance ; there is more spotting on the back 
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