(h'der P0DICIPEDIF0RME8 
No. 71. 
Family PODIGIPEDIDM. 
PODICEPS CRISTATUS CHRISTIANI. 
AUSTRALIAN TIPPET GREBE. 
(Plate 64,)* 
PoDiCEPS CRisTATFS CHRisTiAisri, subsp. 11., Victoria. 
Podiceps australis Gould, Handb. B. Austr., II., p, 511 (1865) (not Gould, 1844) ; Diggles, 
B. Austr., II., PI. 122 (1877). 
Podiceps cristatus (subsp.) australis Ramsay, P.L.S., N.S.W., II., p. 200 (1877). 
Podiceps cristatus (not L.) id., Tab. List Austr. B., p. 22 (1888) ; North, Austr. Mus. Cat., 
No, 12, p. 347 (1889) ; Keartland, Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., XXII., p. 191 (1898), 
Podicipes cristatus (partim) Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXVI., p. 544 (1898) ; Campbell 
Nests and Eggs Austr. B,, p. 1004 (1901) ; Legge, Emu, IV., p. 106 (1905) ; Hall, 
Key B. Austr., p. 104 (1906) ; Littler, Handb. B. Tasmania, p. 205 (1910), 
Lophcethyia {Podicipes) cristata {partim) Hall, Emu, III., p. 43 (1903). 
Lophcethyia cristata {partim) Mathews, Handl. B. Austral., p, 14 (1908). 
Distribution. Australia generally ; Tasmania. 
Adult male in breeding plumage. Upper-surface brown, including the head (which has a 
double crest), hind-neck, mantle, scapulars, and upper-back ; lower-back somewhat 
darker and inclining to dusky brown ; marginal wing-coverts white, median- and 
greater-coverts bro^vn like the bastard -wing and primary-coverts ; primary- quills 
similar in colour, paler on the inner webs and white at the base ; secondaries white, 
the inner ones brown on the outer webs and tips, the innermost like the back ; 
humerals white, outer ones slightly margined with brown ; lores whitish ; the ruff 
on the upper-neck and throat chestnut, tipped with black ; middle of throat, sides 
of the face, fore-neck, breast, abdomen, axillaries, and under wing-coverts pearly- 
white ; sides of body brown ; “ Bill dark horn-colour ; iris red ; upper-surface of 
the tarsi and toes dark olive-green, under-surface pale yellow ” (Gould'). Total 
length, 520 mm. ; culmen, 53 ; wing, 180 ; tarsus, 59. 
Female {adult). Similar to the bird described above. 
Nest. Constructed of rushes, weeds, etc. Placed low in the water, and always damp. 
Dimensions outside 18 to 20 in. by 12 to 18 deep ; eggs cavity 6 in. by 3 deep. 
Eggs. Clutch five, ground-colour pale green, coated over with a thin layer of lime, which 
soon becomes nest-stained (brown). Axis, 50 to 52 mm. ; diameter, 34 — 36. 
Breeding season. November to December (Campbell). 
* The Plate is lettered Lophcethyia cristata. Great Crested Grebe. 
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