AQU I LIN M. 
length, piled to the height of four or five feet, and from two to three feet in breadth , 
sea-weed, and pieces of wet turf, in large quantities, and lined with dry sea-gi.iss. 
together, as often to adhere in large fragments, after being blown down by the wind, 
eggs, sometimes only two, and rarely exceeds four in number. 
these are intermixed with straw, 
These materials are so well put 
The female lays commonly three 
1. P. Haliaetus (Linn.) Cuv. PI. enl. 414. — Pandion fluviatilis 
So.v. ; Falco arundinaceus Gmel. Gould, B. of Europ. pi. 12. ; F. 
carolinensis Gmel., Catesby’s Carol, pi. 2. ; F. Haliaetus IHls. Amer. 
Orn. pi. 37. f. 1.; F cayanensis Gmel.', Aquila piscatrix Vieill. ; 
Pandion americanus Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 11 . 
2. P. leucocephalus Gould, Syn. B. of Austr. pi. (head), Proc. Z. 
S. 1837. 138., B. of Austr. pi. 
3. 1>. humilis Mull. Verh. over de Natuf. Gesch. der, Nederl. No. 
5. t. 6. 
Haliaetus Sav* 
Bill large, culmen straight at the base, and curved to the tip, which is hooked and acute, the sides 
compressed, the lateral margins slightly festooned, and the lores naked ; the nostiils moderate, ' , 
and oblique. Wings lengthened and acute, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills nearly equal and 
longest. Tail moderate and rounded. Tarsi short, strong, covered in front with transverse narrow 
scales, and with small irregular ones posteriorly and on the sides. Toes long, mostly covered ab 
with transverse scales ; the claws long, curved, and acute. 
These large and powerful birds inhabit both the Old and New Worlds, and are usually found m the mountainous 
districts near the sea, or on the precipices that border the inland lakes. Fishes form their principal food, which hey 
pounce upon while swimming near the surface. They also prey on deer and aquatic birds, and even freely feed on 
carrion. When seeking their prey, they are usually seen sailing high and majestically in the a,r The female gen 7 
places the nest in a projection of n inaccessible cliff, or on the top of a lofty tree. It is usually built of large sticks 
some of them several feet in length, within which are laid sods of earth, sedge, grass, dry weeds &c., piled sometin 
to the height of five or six feet, by more than four in breadth. The eggs are mostly two in number. 
L H. albicilla (Linn.) Pall. PI. enl. 112. 415. -- Falco albi- 
caudus, F. ossifragus, et F. melanaetos Gmel. ; Haliaetus nisus 
Sav. Kittl. Kupf. der Vog. t. 2. f. 2., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 10. 
2. H ■ pelagicus (Pall.) Kittl. Kupf. der Vog. t. 2. f. 1. — Falco 
leucopterus Temm. PI. col. 489* ; the Type of Thalassoaetus Kaup 
(1844) 
3. H. leucocephalus (Linn.) Sav. PI. enl. 411. — Falco pygargus 
Daud. W'ils. Amer. Orn. pi. 36. ; F. ossifragus iVils. Amer. Orn. 
pL 55. f. 2. ; Aquila albicilla Pall. 
4. H. Washington i (Aud.) Pr. Bonap., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 11. 
5 II. vocifer (Daud.) Cuv. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 4. 
6’. H. Macei (Temm.) Cuv. PI. col. 8. 223. - Haliaetus fulvi- 
venter Vieill. ; Haliaetus albicilla Vigors <$• Hors/. ; H. (Cuncuma) 
albipes Hodgs. ; II. lineatus et H. unicolor Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. t. 
18,19-? 
7. H. milvoides (Spix), Spix, Av. Bras. t. 1. d. 
8. H. maritimus (Wurm.). 
9. H. sinensis (Gmel.) Lath. Syn. 1. pi. 3. 
10. H. dimidiatus (Raffl.) Vigors & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xm. 
277. 
PoNTOAETUS KaUp f 
The characters of Haliaetus, except that the Tarsi are covered in 
posteriorly with large irregularly placed scales, and on the inner 
entirely covered above with transverse scales. 
front with narrow transverse scales, 
side with small ones. Toes almost 
* Savigny also established this genus in 1809 ( Description del Egypt, Zool. p. 8.).). 
of M. Kaup (1844) are coequal. , tt Tj aron de Lafresnaye in 
+ This division was originally established under the name of J ' 1 V a ‘ " . j 1844 ,f 
been previously used in 1829, I have adopted the term of M. Kaup, who publ.shed it 
(1844). 
Cuncuma of Mr. H odgson (18 ) and Thalassoaetus 
1 839, but that word having 
It includes Geranoaiittis of M. Kaup 
