Order II. PASSER ES. 
Tribe III. Dentirostees. 
Eamily I. Luscinid,®. 
The fifth Subfamily, 
PARINiE, or Titmice, 
have the Bill short, strong, rather conical and straight, with the culmen straight, or slightly curved to 
the tip, which is entire ; the nostrils lateral, basal, and generally concealed by the projecting frontal 
Phunes ; the \\ ings moderate and pointed, with the first three quills graduated ; the Tail more or less 
^ 0n g, rounded, and even ; the Tarsi rather long, slender, and covered in front with scales ; the Toes 
Moderate, with the inner toe the shortest ; the claws strong, and much curved. 
Pares Linn* 
_ short, strong, and conic, with the culmen more or less curved, and the sides compressed to the 
'"'hich is entire and acute, the gonys moderate and ascending ; the nostrils lateral and basal, with the 
°Pening small, rounded, and concealed by the projecting frontal plumes. Wings moderate ; with the first 
qUlU Ver y short ; and the third rather shorter than the fourth and fifth, which are equal and longest. Tail 
11(101 e or less long, and rounded or even. Tarsi rather longer than the middle toe, and covered in front 
1 ^ 1 lrans versc scales. Toes moderate ; with the lateral toes nearly equal ; the hind toe very long, strong, 
^ armed with a long, curved, and acute claw. 
Th 
gard GSL aro i n Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. They are usually observed in the woods and 
^ ant ^ are very active, flitting from bush to bush, running up and down branches with great celerity, and con- 
kinds ^ Panging in various attitudes from among the foliage while searching for their food, which consists of various 
Sl ck] • IUSecls anc ^ ^heir larvae. At times they feed on grain, seeds, and even carrion ; they also attack young or 
lr ^ 8 ’ w hicli they kill by fracturing their skulls by repeated strokes of their pointed bill. The nests of some 
Oth aiG ^ orme< l 111 holes of decayed trees or old walls, and are composed of moss, and lined with hairs and feathers, 
lich 16 Seq ° ct ^e f°rk of a tree or the middle of a bush, wherein they place an oval-formed nest, made of different 
U]lt * wool, intermixed and lined with feathers. Two orifices are left by the bird on the two opposite sides, 
"Tich SerVe f ° r in S ress ancl egress, and through one of which the long tail projects whilst the bird is hatching the eggs, 
1 are from six to ten in number. 
■* J- 
(l 83 g\ r ' na=Us established this genus in 1735. Lophophanes, Cyanistes, and Poecila of Dr. Kaup (1829); Melanochlora of M. Lesson 
'd'ich 7 m wllic b Crataionyx of Mr. Eyton (1839) is synonymous ; Psaltria of M. Temminck ; Orites of Moehring (1 752), with 
^ e 9isti na ClS f t7 T. a . ot Leach (181 6 ), Acredula of Koch (181 6 ), and Paroides of M. Brehm (1828) are synonymous; and probably 
0 ieillot ( 1816 ), are coequal with the name employed. 
