MOTACILLINiE. 
Avith the opening covered by a membranous scale. Wings moderate and rounded, Avith the fourth and 
fifth quills equal and longest. Tail long and deeply forked, or short and even. Tarsi longer than the 
middle toe, rather slender, and covered in front Avith slightly divided scales. Toes rather long and 
slender ; with the outer toe longer than the inner, and slightly united at its base ; the hind toe long, and 
armed with a long, curved, acute claAv. 
The species that compose this genus are found in the mountains of the continent of India and its archipelago- 
Dr. Ilorsfield says of the Javanese species, “ that it abounds in the small streams descending rapidly from the hill® 
and shaded by luxuriant shrubs. In the beds of these rivulets, particularly where they abound with rocks and graveh 
it is seen running along with alacrity, moving its tail incessantly, and picking up worms and insects.” 
1. E. Leschenaultii (Vieill.) G. R. Gray, N. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. 
xx. p. 269 ., Gal. des Ois. t. 145. — Motacilla speciosa Horsf. ; 
Enicurus coronatus Temm. PI. col. 113. 
2. E. maculatus Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1830. p. [)., Gould, Cent, of 
B. pi. 27- — Enicurus fuliginosus Hodgs. 
3. E. immaculatus Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 190. 
4. E. schistaceus Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 189. 
5. E. ruficapillus Temm. PI. enl. 534. 
6. E. diadematus Mull. Tydsch. 1835. p. 346. 
7. E. velalus Temm. PL col. 160. 
8. E. Scouleri Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 174., Gould, Cent- 
of B. pi. 28. 
Grallina Vieill.* 
the 
Bill moderate, straight, and slender, Avith the culmen slightly curved, and the sides compressed to 
tip, which is emarginated, the gonys long and slightly ascending ; the nostrils lateral, with the op eru^o 
rounded and exposed. Wings long and rounded, with the third to the fifth quills equal and long cst- 
Tail moderate, and nearly even. Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered in 
Avith broad scales. Toes rather short, and strong ; Avith the lateral ones nearly equal, the outer united < 
its base ; the hind toe long, strong, and armed with a moderate, strong, and curved claAv. 
The type of this genus is found in Australia, where it frequents the sides of the creeks and flats, and rivulets 
of t be 
interior. According to Mr. Gould this bird is very tame and graceful in its actions, and is often observed about 1 
the 
.hick 
settlers’ houses. It is migratory, and, when about to remove to a fresh locality, congregates in large flocks, " ^ ^ 
having reached a temporary resting-place, scatter themselves in small groups around the country, searching t 01 
food, which consists solely of insects in their various states. The flight is performed with a heavy flapping 0 
wings, though it passes through the air noiselessly, and generally in a straight line. The note uttered by this 
consists of a peculiarly shrill whining whistle, often repeated. The nest is composed of soft mud, sometimes 1 ^ 
with dried grass, in the form of a cup; and is usually placed on some bare, exposed, horizontal branch. The egg® 
two to four in number. 
G. cyanoleuca (Lath.) G. R. Gray, Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. 20. 
Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 150., Gould, B. of Austr. pi. 
■ Gracula picata Lath. ; Tanypus australis Oppel ; Grallina 
in elan 0 
* Vieillot established this genus in 1 8 1 6 ( Analyse , &c. p. 42.). Tanypus of M. Oppel (181 1) was the original name of this g’ 
as that word was previously employed, the above name is adopted. 
bub 
