TIM ALIN. E. 
Timalia* 
Bill more or less long, elevated and broad at the base, with the culmen much curved, and the sides 
considerably compressed to the tip, which is entire ; the lateral margins curved, and the gonys long and 
ascending ; the gape furnished with a few short bristles ; the nostrils basal, sunk in a small groove, with 
the opening lunate, and protected by a bony scale. Wings moderate and rounded; with the fifth, sixth, 
and seventh quills equal and longest. Tail more or less lengthened, and rounded on the sides. Tarsi 
longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered in front with an almost entire scale. Toes long and 
strong, with the outer toe rather longer than the inner one ; the hind toe very long, strong, and armed 
with a moderately strong claw. 
These birds are found in small flocks in the open jungles, or in the cultivated grounds round the villages of India 
and J ava. They are generally seen on the ground, which they search, especially around the trunks of large trees, for 
various kinds of seeds and insects. At the same time they utter a continual low chattering noise, which is occasionally 
changed to a loud guttural cry, but sometimes they are seen perched, pouring forth a remarkably sweet song. The 
nest is built in trees at no great distance from the ground, and it is composed of small twigs and roots most carelessly 
put together, wherein the female usually deposits four eggs, 
1. T . pileata Horsf. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. ] 51., Zool. Res. Java, 
pi. . f. 1. 
2. T. thoracica (Temin.) Swains. PI. col. 76. 
3. T . nigricollis Temm. PI. col. 594. f. 2. — Brachypteryx ni- 
grogularis Eyton. 
4. T . maculata Temm. PI. col. 593. f. 1. — Malacopteron squa- 
matum Eyton. 
5. T. gularis (Raffi.) Horsf. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 312., Zool. Res. 
Java, pi. f. 2., Voy. au Pole Sud, Ois. t. 1 9- f. 2. ; Type of Mixornis 
Hodgs. (1845). 
6. T. Horsficldii Jard. & Selby, lll.Orn.pl. 1 1 <J. — Parus si- 
nensis Gmel. ? 
7. ? T. hypoleuca Frankl. Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 118. — Timalia 
bicolor Lafres. Mag. de Zool. 1835. Ois. t. 3<J. 
8. T.hyperythra Frankl. Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 118., Mag- c ' e 
Zool. 1835. Ois. t. 40. 
9- T. grisea (Gmel.) — Malacocircus striatus Swains. Zool* 
Ulustr. n. s. pi. 127. ; Type of Malacocircus Swains. (1832). 
10. T . caudata (Cuv.) — Timalia chatareea Frankl. Proc. Z. S* 
1831. p. 118. 
11. T. Malcolmi Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 88. . — Garrulus a* 
bifrons Gray, Ind. Zool. pi. 36. f. 1 . 
12. T. Somermllei Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 88. 
13. T. pellotis Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 182. 
Tomatorhinus Horsf. -f 
Bill more or less long, curved, and the sides much compressed to the tip, which is entire ; the g° n 3’ s 
very long and ascending ; the nostrils basal, sunk in a small groove, with the opening lunate, and covered 
by a horny scale. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fifth and sixth quills equal and longest. 
long, and much rounded. Tarsi of the length of the middle toe, with the front with an almost entif 
scale, sometimes with broad divided scales. Toes long and strong, with the inner toe rather shorter 
* It was in 1820 that Dr. Horsfield established this genus {Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 150.). It embraces Malacocircus of Mr- S" a ' n 
(1832), and Mixornis of Mr. Hodgson (1845). Jt 
* Dr. Horsfield established this genus in 1820 {Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 164.). Pomatorhynchus of M. Boie (1826) is a synonym^ 
contains Xiphorhynchus of Mr. Blyth (1842), since changed to Xiphorhamphus (1843). 
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