TIM.UJX.K. 
than the outer ; the hind toe very long, strong, and armed with a very long claw, which is compressed, 
curved, and acute. 
India, Java, Australia, and New Guinea are the habitats of the species of this genus. They are found in the 
jungles and brushwood, and are usually observed on the ground in small flocks, searching for their food, which is com- 
posed of seeds and insects. If disturbed, they quickly perch on a low branch of a tree, among the branches of which 
they leap or climb with the greatest facility, uttering at the same time a shrill piping whistle, which is followed by a 
series of discordant chattering sounds. The Australian species, according to Mr. Gould, is capable of running up and 
down the branches of trees with rapidity, with the tail very much spread above the level of the back ; and he further 
remarks that when a troop are engaged in ascending the branches, which they usually do in a line, they have a 
singular habit of suddenly assembling in a cluster, spreading their tails and wings, and puffing out their plumage until 
they resemble a complete ball of feathers. The nest is composed of dried sticks, having a dome of the same materials, 
which usually projects over the sides of the lower portion. The interior, which is entered on the side, is usually lined 
with soft portions of flowers, &c. The eggs are generally four in number. 
1. P. montanus Horsf. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 165., Zool. Res. 
J ava, pi. 
2. P. erythrogenys Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 173., Gould, 
Cent, of B. pi. 55. 
3- P. Horsfieldii Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 89. 
4. P. ruficollis Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 182. 
5. P . schisticeps Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 181. — Pomatorhinus 
leucogaster Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 137. 
6. P. albicollis Horsf. 
7- P. superciliaris (Bl.) Journ. A. S. B. 1842. p. 175., 1843. p. 
947. pi. ; Type of Xiphorliamphus Bhjth (1843). 
8. P. frivolus (Lath.) Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. 18. 
9. P. temporalis Vig. & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xv. p. 330. 
10. P. trivirgatus Temm. PI. col. 443., Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. 
pi. 69. 
11. P. rubeculus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1839. P- 144. 
12. P. superciliosus Vig. & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xv. p. 330. 
13. P. Geoffroyii Less. Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t. 29. f. 2. 
IcTEUIA Vicill* 
Hill short, rather strong, curved and elevated and broad at the base, with the culmen and lateral 
Margins curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the gonys long and 
ascending ; the nostrils basal, sunk in a small groove, with the opening rounded and exposed. Wings 
Moderate, with the third and fourth quills equal and longest. Tail moderate and rounded. Tarsi much 
lengthened, strong, and covered in front with an almost entire scale. Toes moderate, with the outer toe 
rather longer than the inner, and united at its base ; the hind toe moderate : the claws long, curved, and 
acute. 
fke species of this genus are found in North and Central America. They are generally seen in the thick bushes, 
Jiecially those that border the rivers. As their food consists of insects and berries, it causes them to migrate from 
I ace to place in search of a supply for their subsistence. The nest is formed in a thick bush, and is composed of dry 
e aves and strips of the bark of grape vines ; the interior is lined with fibrous roots and fine dry grass. The eggs are 
°ar in number. 
b I. viridis (Gruel.) Pr. Bonap. Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 6. f. 2. — 
^teria dumicola Vieill. ; Pipra polyglotta Wils. Audub. B. of Amer. 
Ph 137. 
2. I. Velasguezi Pr. Bonap. Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 1 1 T- 
* Established by Vieillot in 1807 ( Oiseaux d' Amer. Septr. i. p, 85.) 
September, 1846. 
