ORIOLINJS 
half the length of the third and fourth, which are equal and longest. Tail moderate and rounded. Tarsi 
short, nearly the length of the middle toe, and covered in front with broad scales. Toes moderate, free 
at their base, and the outer toe longer than the inner; the hind toe long and strong; the claws long, 
strong, and curved. 
These migratory birds are scattered in various parts of the Old World. They are usually found solitary or in pairs, 
and occasionally in small flocks, frequenting the skirts of forests, gardens, and orchards, feeding on the various kinds of 
fruits and insects. Their flight is undulating, when flying from one lofty tree to another to search the foliage for the 
caterpillars which may be feeding on them. They emit a loud, mellow, plaintive cry. The nest is rather flat and 
saucer-shaped, and generally placed in a fork of the boughs of a tree, to both branches of which it is firmly attached. 
It is made of sheep’s wool and long slender stems of grass. The nest of some species is elongated, purse-shaped, and 
pendulous, hanging from high branches of trees. The eggs are usually four or five in number. 
1 . Or. galbula Linn. PI. enl. 26 Coracias oriolus Scop. 
2. Or. kundoo Sykes, Proe. Z. S. 1832. p. 87- — Oriolus aureus 
Jerd. 
3. Or. auratus Vieill. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 260. — Oriolus 
bieolor Temm. ; O. flavus Gmel. ? Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. pi. 1 . 
4. Or. chinensis Linn. PI. enl. 570. — Oriolus maculatus Vieill. ; 
Or. Hippocetis Wagl. 
5. Or. acrorhynchus Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 97. 
6. Or. coronatus Swains. Two Cent, and Quart, p. 342. 
7. Or. melanocephalus Linn. PI. enl. 79., Edw. Birds, pi. 77., 
Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 263.— Oriolus maderaspatanus Franlcl. Edw. 
Birds, pi. 186. 
8. Or. Hodgsonii Swains. Two Cent, and Quart, p. 290 Oriolus 
Me Coshii Tick. 
9- Or. philippensis Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 3. 
TO. Or. monachus (Gmel.) — Oriolus moloxita Rupp. Faun. 1. 12. 
f. 1. 
11. Or. brachyrhynchus Swains. B. of IV. Afr. ii. p. 35. 
12. Or. larvatus Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 20., Le Vaill. 
Ois. d’Afr. t. 26l, 262. — Oriolus radiatus Gmel.? ; Or. condougnan 
Temm. ; Or. capensis Swains. ; Or. monachus Wagl. ; Or. chloris 
Cuv. 
Sericulus Swains.* 
Till long, rather slender, with the culmen at the base keeled and slightly curved to the tip, which i® 
emarginated, and the sides compressed ; the nostrils basal, lateral. Wings moderate, with the first tAVO 
quills equally graduated, and the third and fourth equal and longest. Tail moderate and even. Tarsi 
much longer than the middle toe, and broadly scutellated. Toes moderate, the inner toe shorter than 
the outer, which is united at the base ; the claws moderate, much curved, and acute. 
These birds are peculiar to Australia, where they are usually found in the large bushes, and their food principally 
consists of the fruits of various New Holland fig trees. 
13. Or. arundinarius Burcli. Trav. S. Afr. i. p. 464. 501. 
14. Or. ocanthonotus Horsf. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 1,52., Zool. Res. 
inJava.pl. . — Oriolus leucogaster Temm. PI. col. 214. 
15. Or. castanopterus Bl. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1842. p. 796. 
16. Or. Traillii (Vigors), Hodgs. Gould, Cent, of B. pi. • 
Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. n. s. pi. 26. ; Type of Psaropliolus Jard. Sf 
Selby (1839). 
17- Or. sanguinolentus (Temm.) PI. col. 4 99. Leptopteryx 
cruenta Wagl. ; Erythrolanius rubropectus Less. ; Type of Analcipus 
Swains. (1831), 
■ 18. Or. hirundinaceus Swains. Two Cent, and Quart, p. 284. 
19. Or. viridis (Lath.) Lamb. Icon. ined. i. 54. — Coracias sa- 
gittata Lath. Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. 15., Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. pi- 
6l.; Oriolus variegatus Vieill. ; Type of Mimeta Vigors Horsf. 
( 1826 ). 
20. Or. flavocinctus (Vigors), King’s Surv. Austr.ii. 419- 
21. Or. meruloides (Vigors & Horsf.) Linn. Trans, xv. 327- 
22. Or. viresccns Temm. 
23. Or. striatus Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de 1’Astrol. Ois. t. 9. f. 2- 
24. Or. aureus (Gmel.) Edwards’s Birds, pi. 112. — Paradises 
aurantiaca Shaw. 
* 
3 x 
Established by Mr. Swainson in 1825 (Zoological Journal, i. 476.). 
