PYCNONOTIN®. 
exposed ; the nape is furnished with long slender hairs. Wings moderate and rounded, with the 
fourth quill nearly as long as the fifth and sixth, which are equal and longest. Tail rather long, and 
broad. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, and covered in front with an entire scale. Toes moderate ; 
the lateral toes unequal, the outer one slightly united at the base ; the hind toe long, strong, and armed 
with a prominent claw. 
It is in the woody districts of Africa and Asia that the species of this genus are found. They are generally noticed 
actively flying from bush to bush, examining the branches in search of their subsistence, which chiefly consists of 
various kinds of fruits and berries, and occasionally of insects. If alarmed, they usually hide themselves in the thickest 
parts of the bush, where they remain perfectly inactive until their fears have subsided. Some species possess a series 
of loud clear thrush-like notes. 
1. C. barbatus Temm. PI. col. 88. — Trichophorus strigilatus 
Swains. 
2. C. gularis (Horsf.) Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 150. 
3. C. caniceps (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1845. p. 367. — Ixosphaeoce- 
phalus Hartl. ; Pycnonotus rufocaudatus Eyton. 
4. C. flaveolus (Gould), Proc. Z. S. 1846. p. 6. — Trichophorus 
xanthogaster Hodgs. 
5. C. ? ictericus Strickl, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 411. — Turdus 
indicus Gmel. ? 
6. C. crispieeps (Blyth), Journ. A. S. B. 1842. p. 204. 
7. C ' . flaviventris (Smith), 111. A. Z. Birds, pi. 5<). 
8. C. olivaceus (Swains.) B. of W. Afr. i. p. 264. 
9. C. teplirogenys (Jard. & Selby), 111. Orn. pi. 127- — Tricho 
pliorus gularis Swains. ? 
10. C. ? — Iole olivacea Blytli, Journ. A. S. B. 1844. P- 
386. ; Type of Iole Blyth (1844). 
11. C. affinis (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Sud Pole, Ois. t. 1& 
f. 1. 
Andropadus Swains.* 
The characters are very similar to those of the foregoing genus, except that the tip of the Bill is 
furnished with three or four emarginations on each side ; the Tarsi are covered in front with broad 
transverse scales. 
The species of this division are peculiar to the continent of Africa ; where they live in small flocks on the tops of d ,e 
trees, actively employed in search of their food, which consists of fruits and berries, and uttering at the same time an 
incessant irksome cry. The nest is formed on the branches of large trees. The female usually lays from four to fi' e 
eggs. 
1. A. importunus (ViexlL) Ency. Meth. p. 662. Levaill. Ois. d’ 
Afr. t. 106. f. 2. — Turdus clamosus Staph. ; Andropadus vociferus 
et A. familiaris Swains. ; T. brachypodioides Jard. Mag. de Zool. 
1832. Ois. t. 4. 
2. A. latirostris Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 127- 
3. A. gracilirostris Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 137- 
Pycnonotus Kuhl.-f 
Bill more or less short, and broad at the base ; with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed 1° 
the tip, which is emarginated ; the gonys short and ascending; the gape furnished with a few shoit 
weak bristles ; the nostrils basal and placed in a groove, with the opening oval and exposed. P in ^ S 
moderate and rounded, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate 
* Mr. Swainson established this genus in 1831 {Faun. Bor eali-Amer. p.485.). Polyodon (1832) of Baron de Lafresnay e 
synonymous. «??)> 
t Established by Kuhl in 1826 {Isis, 1826, p. 975.). Brachypus of Mr. Swainson (1824), Turdoides or Ixos of M. Temminck (1 
and Alcurus of Mr. Hodgson (1844) are synonymous. It embraces Hcematornis of Mr. Swainson (1831), Hemipus (1845), ani 
(1846) of Mr. Hodgson. 
