PYCNONOTINiE. 
These species are inhabitants of the dense jungles of India and its Archipelago. They live in small flocks on the 
tops of the trees, seeking the fruits and berries that are found on them. They often pour forth their lively and 
agreeable warbling, which is sometimes continued while proceeding from tree to tree, in an undulating and not very 
rapid flight. 
1. H. psaroides Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 43., Gould, Cent. 
ri’B. pi. 10. 
2. H. neilgherriensis Jerd. Journ. A. S. B. 1839. P- 293. 
3. H. ganeesa Sykes, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 87. 
4. H. olivacea Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. n. s. pi. 2. 
5. H. Me Clellandii Horsf. Proc. Z. S. 1839. P- 159. — Hypsi- 
petes viridis Hodgs. 
6. H. philippensis Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. p. 413. 
7- H. malaccensis Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. 1846. p. 51. 
Sibia Hodgs.* 
The characters like those of the preceding genus, except that the nostrils are basal, and placed in a 
groove, with a large membranous scale, leaving a lunate opening. Tail more or less lengthened, 
rounded or graduated. Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, moderately strong, and covered in front 
by an entire scale. Toes long ; the lateral toes nearly equal, the outer one united at the base ; the hind 
toe long, strong, and armed -with a prominent claw. 
1. S. picaoides Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1839. P- 38 
Heterophasia cuculoides Blyth. 
2, S. capistrata (Vigors), Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 56 Sibia ni- 
griceps Hodgs. 
3. S. gracilis Me Clell. Proc. Z. S. 1839. p. 159. 
Phyllasthephus Swains. "f 
Bill long, and rather slender, with the culmen slightly curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, 
which is strongly emarginated ; the gonys long and slightly ascending ; the gape furnished with a fe^ 
short bristles ; the nostrils basal, and placed in a small groove, with the opening rounded and exposed. 
Wings moderate and rounded, with the fifth, sixth, and seventh quills equal and longest. Tail long, 
rather broad, and rounded on the sides. Tarsi rather longer than the middle toe, and covered in front 
with broad scales. Toes moderate ; the lateral toes unequal, the outer one longest, and united at its base 
the hind toe longer than the inner, strong, and armed with a strong curved claw. 
These birds are peculiar to Africa, and are usually seen in small parties actively engaged on the ground among th® 
dead leaves that lie under brushwood and thickets, turning them over with their bill and feet with great dexterity, 
while in search of worms and small insects, that conceal themselves in such places. 
1. P. capensis Swains. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 112. f. 1. — Phyl- 1 3. P. luguhris (Bodd.) PI. enl. 563. f. 2. — Turdus senegale> isl9 
lastrephus terrestris Swains. \ Gmel. 
2. P. scandens Swains. Birds of W. Afr. i. p. pi. 30. 
* Established by Mr. Hodgson in 1837. In 1841 Mr. Hodgson changed this name to Alcopus. Heterophasia of Mr. Blyth (1842) lS 
synonymous. 
t Established by Mr. Swainson in 1831 ( Fauna Boreali-Americana, p. 486.). 
October, 1847. 
