Order IT. PASSERES. 
Tribe II J. Dentirostres. 
The fourth Family, 
AMPELID/E, or Chatterers, 
have the Bill moderate, more or less broad at the base, and more or less depressed, with the sides 
gradually compressed to the tip, which is emarginated; the Wings long and generally rounded; the 
Tail moderate, and usually even at its end ; the Tarsi generally short and slender ; the Toes moderate, 
with the outer more or less united to the base of the middle ; the Claws short and curved. 
The first Subfamily, 
PACHYCEPHALlNiE, or Thickheads, 
have the Bill moderate, broad at the base, and compressed to the tip, which is emarginated ; the gape 
furnished with a few slender bristles ; the Wings moderate, and more or less rounded ; the Tarsi length- 
ened and slender ; the Toes long, with the outer one slightly united at the base to the middle one ; the 
claws short and curved. 
Leiothrix Szvains .* 
Bill equal to, or scarcely shorter than, the head, with the culmen gradually curved to the tip, which is 
emarginated; the sides compressed; the lateral margins slightly curved ; the gonys lengthened and 
advancing upwards; the nostrils basal, lateral, membranous, with the opening sublunate. Wings 
moderate and l'ounded, with the first four quills graduated, and the filth and sixth nearly equal and 
longest. Tail moderate and forked, or square, or more or less rounded at the end. Tarsi slender, much 
longer than the middle toe, and covered with lengthened scales. Toes long, with the lateral ones un- 
equal, the outer the longest, and united at its base to the middle one ; the hind toe nearly as long as the 
middle toe ; the claws moderate and curved. 
These birds are inhabitants of the mountainous parts of India and the Indian isles. Mr. Hodgson informs us that 
they are gregarious, adhere to the forest, creeping among foliage, or perch like finches on the stems and tops of large 
weeds and grasses. Their food consists almost equally of insects, berries, and seeds. 
1. L. sinensis (Gmel.) Strickl. — Parus fureatus Temm. PI. col. 
287. f- 1. i Bahila calipyga Hodgs. 
2. L. ignotincta (Hodgs.) Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 32. — Leiothrix or- 
nata M‘Clell. Proc. Z. S. 1829- 162. ; Type of Minia Hodgs. (1838.) 
3. L. cyanouroptera (Hodgs.) Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 88. — Leiothrix 
lepida M'Clell. Proc. Z. S. 1839- 162. ; Type of Siva Hodgs. 1838. 
4. L. strigula (Hodgs.) Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 89-— Muscicapa varie- 
gata Deless. Rev. Zool.1840. p. 101., Mag.de Zool. 1840., Ois. t.20. 
Souv. d’un Voy. dans l’lnde. t. 8. ; Leiothrix chrysoeephala Jameis. 
5. L. nipalensis (Hodgs.) Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 89- 
6. L. vinipectus (Hodgs.) Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 89- 
7. L. argentauris (Hodgs.) Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 88. — Type of 
Mesia Hodgs. 
8. L. castaneceps (Hodgs.) Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 33. 
* Established by Mr. Swain son (Faun. Bor. Amer.p. 490.) in 1831. In 1838, Mr. Hodgson proposed four divisions for the birds of 
this genus, viz. Bahila, Minia , Mesia, and Siva. These, in 1841, were changed by the same gentleman into Calipyga Proparus Phi- 
loealyx, and Hemiparus ; and, in 1 844, he employed, in his List of Nepaul Birds, the following words in them places, viz. Leiothrix, Certhi- 
parus, Fringilloparus, and Joropus. 
