PACHYCEPHALIN^E. 
Pteruthius Swains* 
Bill short, with the culmen arched to the tip, which is strongly emarginated ; the base broad, and the 
sides compressed ; the lateral margins slightly arched ; the gonys of the lower mandible large and 
curved upwards ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and membranous, with the opening rounded. Wings very 
short and rounded, with the fourth quill the longest. Tail short, broad, and rounded. Tarsi long, 
Ion o-er than the middle toe, and covered with nearly obsolete scales. Toes long, Avith the lateral ones 
unequal ; the outer the longest, and united at its base to the middle one ; the hind toe as long as the 
middle one without the claw; the claws long and curved. 
It is in India and its archipelago that these birds are found, but their manners and habits have not yet been noticed 
by any naturalist. 
1. P. erythropterus (Vigors'), Swains. Gould’s Cent, of Birds, 3. P. wnobarbus (Temm.) PI. col. 589. f - 2. 
i 4. P. rufiventer Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1842. 183. & 1843. 
954. 
5. P. vireo'ides (Jerd.) Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1840. 8. 
2. P. flaviscapis (Temm.) PI. col. 589- f. 1. — Type of Allotrius 
Boie (1835). 
Pardai.otus Vieill. f 
Bill very short, rather broad at the base, Avith the culmen much arched to the tip, Avhich is strongly 
emarginated ; the sides gradually compressed tOAvards the tip ; the gonys of the loAver mandible laigc 
and ascending ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and covered by a membrane. Wings long and pointed, Avith 
the first three quills nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate, and nearly even at the end. laisi 
slender, and much longer than the middle toe. Toes moderate, slender, with the lateral ones equal ; the 
outer united at the base to the middle one ; the hind toe longer than the lateral ones; the claws moderate 
and curved. 
These showily marked birds are continually engaged in searching for insects among the foliage of the trees and 
shrubs of Australia, whether near the habitations of man or in the open forest. They are active in their manners, 
prying both above and below the leaves Avith the greatest ease. Their flight, in passing from tree to tree, is quick 
and darting. Seeds, buds, and insects form the object of their search. Their nests are, according to Mr. Gould, 
generally placed in holes of trees ; yet the typical species excavates a hole just large enough to admit of the passage of 
its body, in a nearly horizontal direction, to the depth of two or three feet, at the end of which a chamber is formed, in 
which the nest is deposited. The nest itself is a neat and beautifully built structure formed of strips of the inner bark 
of the Eucalypti, and lined with finer strips of the same or similar material. The eggs are generally from three to five 
in number. 
1. P . punetatus (Lath.) Vieill. Shaw's Nat. Misc. pi. 111., PL 
col. 78., Gould’s Syn. of Austr. B. pi. f. 1. (head), B. of Austr. pi. ; 
P. australis Steph. ? 
2. P. affinis Gould, Lath. Syn. pi. 54., Gould’s Syn. of Austr. B. 
pi. f. 2., B. of Austr. pi. 
3. P. striatus (Lath.) Temm. Shaw’s Nat. Misc. pi. 174., Gould’s 
Syn. of Austr. B. pi. f. 3. — Pardalotus ornatus Temm. PL col. 
394. f. 1., Gould’s B. of Austr. pi. 
4. P. quadrigintus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 148., Syn. of 
Austr. B. pi. f. 1., B. of Austr. pi. 
5. P. melanocephalus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 149-, Syn. of 
Austr. B. pi. f. 2. 
C. P. rubricatus Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 149-, Syn. of Austr. 
B. pi. f. 3. 
7- P. uropygialis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837. p. 143., B. of Austr. 
pi. 
8. P. superciliosus (Lath.) Vieill. Lamb. Icon. ined. iii. t. 4. 
9. P. carulescens (Lath.) Lamb. Icon. ined. iii. t. 40. — .Pipra 
cserulea Vieill. 
* Established by Mr. Swainson {Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 49I.) in 1831. In 1835, M. Boie proposed this division as Allotrius. 
f Established by Vieillot {Analyse, Sjc. p. 31.) in 1816. 
