PACHYCEPHALIM. 
Calyptuka Swains .* 
Bill short, with the culraen much arched to the tip, which is emarginated ; the base broad, and the 
sides gradually compressed ; the gonys lengthened and advancing upwards ; the nostrils basal, lateral, 
and rounded. Wings short and rounded, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills the longest. Tail 
remarkably small, and even at its end. Tarsi lengthened and slender, and longer than the middle toe. 
Toes moderate and slender, with the inner shorter than the outer, which is united at the base to the 
middle toe ; the hind toe long, and nearly the length of the middle one ; the claws moderate and much 
curved. 
The type of this division is peculiar to Brazil ; and its habits and manners are unknown. 
C. cristata (Vieill.) Swains. Ornitli. Draw. 24. — Regulus tyrannulus Licht. 
Pachycf.p h a l a Siva ins. f 
Bill moderate, the base somewhat broad, and the sides compressed, with the culmen arched to the tip ; 
which is emarginated ; the gonys lengthened and ascending ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and partly 
covered by a membrane, with the opening rounded. Wings moderate, with the first three quills 
graduated, and the fourth and fifth nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate, with the end nearly even, 
or scarcely forked. Tarsi moderate, rather longer than the middle toe, and covered with long scales. 
Toes moderate and slender, with the lateral ones unequal ; the outer the longest, and united at its base 
to the middle toe ; the hind toe as long as the outer ; the claws moderate and curved. 
Most, of the birds of this genus are peculiar to Australia, others are found in New Guinea, and the isles of the South 
Seas. They are generally observed solitary, or in pairs, creeping and hopping among the foliage of the upper parts of 
the lofty trees of the thick forests, or in the shrubs. Their food consists of berries and the larva? of insects, &c. The 
nest is formed on the small horizontal branches of large trees, or in shrubs, of fine twigs and fibrous roots. The eggs 
are generally three or more in number. 
1. P. gutturalis (Lath.) Vigors & Horsf. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. 
t. 115., Lewin’s B. of N. Holl.pl. 10. — Turdus lunularis Steph. ; 
Laniarius albicollis Vieill. ; Motacilla dubia Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 
949., Gould’s Syn. of Austr. Birds, pi., B. of Austr. pi. 
2. P. rufiventris (Lath.) Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. t. 55. — Turdus 
prasinus Lath. Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. t. 34. ; Turdus pectoralis 
Lewin, B. of N. Holl. pi. 8. ; Paehycepliala pectoralis Vigors fy 
Horsf., Gould’s Syn. of Austr. Birds, pi., and B. of Austr. pi., leones, 
pi. ; Pachyc. striata Vigors &j Ilorsf. ; Lanius macularius Quoy 
Gaim. Voy. do l’Astrol. t. 13. f. 1. ; Laniarius rubrigaster Vieill. 
3. V.fusca Vigors & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xv. 240., Gould's Syn. 
of Austr. Birds, pi. f. 1. — Pachycephala fuliginosa Vigors Horsf. 
4. P. olivacea Vigors & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xv. 241., Gould s 
Syn. of Austr. Birds, pi. f. 4. 
5. P. xunthoprocta Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837- p- 149-, Syn. of Austr. 
Birds, pi. f. 2. 
6. P. longirostris Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1837- P- 149-, Syn. of Austr. 
Birds, pi. f. 3. 
7. P. lanio'ides Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1839. 142. 
8. P. rufogularis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. l6’4. 
9. P. inornata Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1840. 164. 
10. P. falcata Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. 134. 
11. P. melanura Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. 134. 
12. P. simplex Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1842. 135. 
13. P. (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy au Pole Sud, &c. Ois.t. 5. 
f. 1. 
14. P. (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. auPole Sud, &e. Ois. t. 5. 
f. 2. 
15. P, (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 5. 
f. 3. 
16. P. (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 6‘. 
f. 1. 
17. P. (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy. au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 6. 
f. 2. 
18. P. (Homb. & Jacq.) Voy.au Pole Sud, &c. Ois. t. 6. 
f. 3. 
19. P. Gilbertii Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1844. 107. 
20. P. glaucura Gould, B. of Austr. pi. 
* Established by Mr. Swainson ( Faun . Bor. Amer.p. 491.) in 1831. 
t Established by Messrs. Vigors and Horsfield, from Mr. Swainson s MSS. ( Linn , Trans, xv. 2o8.), in 1826. 
