Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe III. Dentirostres. 
Family IV. Ampelid.®. 
The second Subfamily, 
PIPRINiE, or Manakins, 
have the Bill moderate or short, and rather depressed, with the base very broad, the culmen curved, and 
the sides compressed to the tip, which is emarginated ; the nostrils lateral, and more or less hidden 
by the projecting plumes ; the Wings moderate and pointed ; the Tail very short and even ; the Tarsi 
more or less long and rather slender ; the Toes long and rather slender, with the outer toe united to 
beyond the second joint of the middle toe, and the inner slightly united. 
Ph(enicircus Swains.* 
Bill broad at the base and rather depressed, with the culmen arched, and the sides compressed to the 
tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the gonys short and advancing upwards ; the nostrils basal. Wings 
short and convex, with the first three quills equal, and the fourth much shorter, emarginated and 
narrowed for some length. Tail broad and nearly even. Tarsi short, equal in length with the middle 
toe, covered in front with transverse scales, and feathered on the inner side. Toes long, the lateral toes 
unequal, and the outer more united at the base than the inner toe ; the claws large and curved. 
The species of this genus are found in the wanner parts of South America. 
1. P. carnifex (Linn.) Swains. PI. enl. 378., Levaill. Ois. 2. P . nigricollis Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 491 . — Ampelis 
d’Amer. t. 37, 38., Edwards’ Birds, pi. 39- carnifex Spin, Av. Bras. t. 5. ; Ampelis Merremii Less. ; Phceni- 
circus atrococcineus Lafr. 
Pipra Linn.-\ 
Bill short, rather depressed and the base broad, with the culmen curved and the sides compressed to 
the tip, which is emarginated ; the gonys short and ascending ; the nostrils lateral, with the opening 
partly closed by a membrane, and concealed by the projecting plumes. Wings short, with the quills 
narrowed and the two first quills shorter than the third and fourth, which are the longest. Tail more 
or less short and even, sometimes with the middle feathers prolonged. Tarsi moderate, longer than 
* Mr. Swainson "established this genus in 1831 ( Fauna Boreali Americana, p. 4£)1-). Carnifex of Chev. Sundeval (1836) is coequal 
with the name employed. 
f Established by Linnaeus in 17 66 ( Systema Naturae). Manacus of Brisson (1760) is synonymous. 
