PT PRINCE. 
the middle toe. Toes rather short, the lateral toes unequal, the outer the longest and united to beyond 
the second joint, the third long and strong ; the claws rather short, compressed, curved and acute. 
The numerous species of this genus are found in the tropical portions of America. They inhabit the hot humid 
woods, on the skirts of which they live in small flocks, searching for insects and small fruits. They are very lively and 
restless in their habits, and arc frequently seen on the ground, or now and then on low branches of trees, and sometimes 
even perched for a long period together near the top of some high tree. The note of one of the species has been com- 
pared to the sound produced in cracking a nut. 
] . P. caudata Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 1 53. — Pipra longicauda 
Vieill. Swains. B. of Br. pi. 45., Spix, Av. Bras. t. 6. f. 1, 2., 
Thunb. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 1822. t. 7- f. 1. 
2. P. militaris Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 849. — Pipra rubrifrons 
Vieill. 
3. P. melanocephala Vieill. N. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. xix. p. 163. — 
Pipra lanceolata, Wagl. 
4. P. linearis Pr. Bonap. Proc. Z.S. 1837- P- 113., Voy. Sulphur, 
Birds, pi. 20. — Pipra fastuosa Less. 
5. P. filicauda Spix, Av. Bras. t. S. f. 1. — Pipra filifera Less. 
6. P. pareola Linn. PI. enl. 687- f. 2. 303. f. 2. — Pipra aegitha- 
loides Licht., Edwards’ Birds, pi. 26l., Swains. B. of Br. pi. 44., 
Desm. Tanag. & Manak. t. 50, 51, 52, 53. 
7- P. pareoloicles D’Orb. & Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838. p. 1 65. 
8. P. cinerea Bodd. PL enl. 687. f. 1. — Pipra atricapilla Gmel. 
(Tityra ?). 
9- P. pileata Natt. PI. col. 172. f. 1. 
10. P. manacus Linn. PI. enl. 302. f. 1., Edwards' Birds, 
pi. 260. f. 1., PI. enl. 303. f. 1. — Pipra gutturosa Desm. Tanag. &; 
Manak. t. 59-, Swains. B. of Br. pi. 26. 
11. P. candei Parz. Rev. Zool. 1841. p. 416., Mag. de Zool. 
1843. t. 45. 
12. P. vitellina Gould, Proc. Z.S. 1843. p. 103., Voy. Sulphur, 
Birds, pi. 21. 
13. P. serena Linn. PI. enl. 324. f. 2., Desm. Tanag. & Manak. 
t. 63, 64. 
14. P. gutturalis Linn. PI. enl. 324. f. 1., Desm. Tanag. & Manak. 
t. 62. 65. 
15. P. erythrocephala Linn. PI. enl. 34. f. 1., Edwards’ Birds, 
pi. 21., Desm. Tanag. & Manak. t. 60, 61. — Pipra aurocapilla, 
Licht. 
16. P. rubrocapilla Briss. PI. col. 54. f. 3. — Pipra erythrocephala 
var. Lath. 
17. P. erytlirolophos Vieill. Ency. Meth. i. p. 390. 
j 18. P. cornuta Spix, Av. Bras. t. 7- f. 1. 
19- P. chloromeros Tschudi, Faun. Per. p. 11. 
20. P. aureola Linn. PI. enl. 34- f. 3., Edwards’ Birds, pi. 261. 
f. 2., Desm. Tanag. & Manak. t. 54, 55, 56, 57*, PL enl. 302. f. 2-, 
Edwards’ Birds, pi. 83. f. 2., Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 240. 
21. P . fasciata D’Orb. & Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 38. 
22. P. leucocilla Linn. PL enl. 34. f. 2., Edwards’ Birds, pi. 26., 
Desm. Tanag. & Manak. t. 50. — Pipra leucocephala Linn. 
23. P. cyanocapilla Wagl. Isis, 1830. p. 934. — Pipra coronata 
Spine, Av. Bras. t. 67. f. 1. 
24. P. eceruleocapilla Tschudi, Faun. Per. p 11. 
25. P. clirysoptera Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. p. 97-, Mag. de Zool. 
1843. Ois. t. 44. 
26. P. chloris Natt. PL col. 172. f. 2. 
27- P- strigalata Pr. Max. Reise. i. p. 1 68., PL col. 54. f. 1. 2., 
Swains. B. of Br. pi. 25. — Pipra lineata Thunb. Mein. Acad. Petersb. 
1822. p. 284. t. 8. f. 1. 
28. P. striolata Pr. Bonap. Proc. Z. S 1837. p. 122. 
29. P. galeata Licht. Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus., Swains. B. of Br. 
pi. 23. — Pipra Wiedii, Less.; Type of Metopia, Swains. (1831.) 
30. P. torquata Gmel. Seba, 1. t. 57. f. 3. 
31. P. cristata Gmel. Seba, 1. t. 59. f. 4. 
32. P. rubetra Gmel. Seba, 1. t. 102. f. 4. 
33. P. grisea Gmel. Seba, 1. 1. 70. f. 7- 
34. ? P cinerea Gmel. 
35. ? P. plumbea Vieill. Ency. Meth. 388., Azara, No. iii. 
36. ? P. nigricollis Gmel. 
37. ? P. hcemorrhoa Gmel, 
38. ? P. pectoralis Lath. 
39- ? P. picicitli Lath. 
40. ? P. miacatototl Lath. 
Rupicola Briss.* 
Bill moderate, robust, and broad at the base, with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed to the 
tip, which is emarginated ; the gonys straight and slightly ascending ; the nostrils lateral and large, with 
the opening ovoid, partly closed by a membrane, and entirely hidden by the plumes that hang over the 
bill. Wings moderate, the first quill of the male emarginated, and narrowed for some length from the 
5 u 
* Brisson established this genus in 1760 ( Ornithologie ). Orinus of Nitzsch (1840) is synonymous. 
