P I PE I N /E. 
tip, while in the female it is simply acute, the fourth and fifth of both sexes equal and longest. Tail 
short and even. Tarsi as long as the middle toe, robust and partly covered by the plumes. Toes long 
and strong, the outer toe longer than the inner, and united beyond the second joint, and the inner at 
the base, the hind toe long and strong, the claws long, curved and acute. 
These beautiful birds are found in the warmer parts of South America. They dwell in the extensive woods or in 
the precipitous places that have been formed by the large torrents, where the sexes are met with in separate bands of 
ew individuals. . They are more usually seen on the low branches or on the fallen trees that have been rooted up b v 
hurricanes. . Their flight is low, and they seem restless, and are frequently observed making quick and fluttering 
motions while on the branches, but sometimes remain stationary in one place fora long time. Their food consists of the 
fruits of a species of laurel or of a psychotria, of the small berries of an anonacea, and of the berry-shaped capsules of a 
rhmanthea. The note of these birds is a hoarse repetition of the syllable ket-ket-ket forcibly repeated in a very sharp 
tone. The females build their nest m a sinuosity of the rocks, sheltering it under a projecting point. It is properly of 
a circular form, but occasionally varied by the bendings of the rocks, and is composed of a tissue of fibres of roots plas 
tered externally with moistened earth, and lined internally with finer vegetable fibres and hair. The youiw do not 
quit the nest until they are nearly full grown. ° 
T R-erocea Bonn. PI. enl. 39 ■ 747- — Pipra rupicola Linn.; 
Rupicola aurantia Vieill. ; R. cayana Swains. ; R. elegans Steph., 
Levaill. Hist. Nat. Roll. t. 51, 52, 53. 
2. R. peruviana (Lath.) PI. enl. 745.. Levaill. Hist. Nat. Roll 
t. 54. 
Calyptomena Raffl * 
Bill short, rather depressed, and very broad at the base, with the oilmen and lateral margins curved 
and the sides compressed to the tip, which is emarginated; the gonys short and ascending; the nostrils 
lateral, with the opening rounded and concealed by the projecting plumes of the crest. Wings long, 
with the third and fifth quills equal and rather shorter than the fourth, which is the longest. Tail very 
short and slightly rounded. Tarsi as long as the hind toe, strong and covered in front with broad 
scales. Toes long, with the outer toe longer than the inner, and united beyond the second joint, the 
hind toe long and strong, the claws moderate, curved and acute. 
Tliis bird is found in the retired parts of the forests of Sumatra and Singapore. It is usually observed perched on 
the highest branches of the trees, and its food is considered to consist entirely of vegetable substances. 
C. viridis Raffl. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 295. ; Horsf. Zool. Res. t. . ; Rupicola viridis Temm. PI. col. 216. — Calyptomena Rafflesii et 
V. caudacuta, Swains. ’ 
* Established by Raffles in 1821 {Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 296.). 
November, 1846. 
