Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe III. Dentirostres. 
The fifth Family, 
LAJYIIDiE, or Butcher-Birds, 
have the Bill more or less long, strong, and straight ; with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed 
to the tip, which is generally hooked and emarginated; the gonys long and ascending; the gape 
sometimes furnished with short bristles : the Wings moderate, and rounded, or pointed : the Tail more 
or less lengthened, and usually rounded : the Tarsi strong, and more or less long : the Toes moderate ; 
with the hind toe long, and broadly padded beneath : the Claws long, curved, and very acute. 
The first Subfamily, 
LANIINiE, or Butcher-Birds, 
have the Bill moderate and strong ; with the culmen curved, and the sides generally much compressed 
near the tip, which is mostly hooked and emarginated; the gape sometimes furnished with short 
bristles ; the Nostrils lateral, and rounded : the Wings more or less long, and generally rounded : the 
Tail of various lengths, and usually rounded : the Tarsi rather short, and strong : the Toes rather long 
and strong, with the lateral ones generally unequal ; the outer toe the longest, and united at its base ; 
the hind toe long, and broadly padded. 
Tephrodornis Swains * 
Bill moderate, generally straight, with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, 
which is hooked and emarginated ; the gonys long and ascending ; the gape furnished with rather long, 
slender, bristles ; the nostrils basal and lateral, with the opening rounded and concealed by the 
projecting bristles. Wings moderate and rounded ; with the fourth and fifth quills equal and longest. 
Tail moderate and emarginated. Tarsi longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered in front 
with broad transverse scales. Toes moderate ; with the outer toe longer than the inner one, and 
slightly united at its base ; the hind toe long, and broadly padded ; the claws long, compressed, slightly 
curved, and acute. 
* Mr. Swainson established this genus in 1831 ( Fauna Boreali-Americana, p. 482.). Keroula of Mr. Gray (1833-34) and Tenthera 
of Mr. Hodgson (1837) are synonymous. This latter name was changed hy its proposer to Creurgus in 1841. 
