LANIINJL 
19. L. collar is Linn. PL enl. 477* f- 1., Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. 
t. 6 1, 62., Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 52, 53. 
20. L. afer Lath. — Lanius signatus Shaw. 
21. L. subcoronatus A. Smith, 111. S. Afr. Zool. Birds, pi. 
22. L. nubicus Licht. — L. personatus Temm. PI. col. 21 6 . f. 2. ; 
Lanius leucometopon V. de Mulhe. 
23. L. Smitlm (Fras.) Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 16. 
24. L. strigatus Eytou, Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 103. 
25. L. corvinus Shaw, Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 78. — Lanius 
cissoi'des Vieill. ; L. mellivorus Licht. ; Type of Corvinella Less. 
26. L. cissoides Licht. — Lanius rnelanoleucus A. Smith, Jard. 
& Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 11 7 ., Mag. de Zool. 18 , Ois. t. 6l. ; Type 
of Basanistes Licht. 
27. L. acuticaudatus Vieill. N. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. xxvi. p. 134. 
28. L. ruber Scop. Sonn. Voy. t. 71. — Lanius panayensis 
Gmel. 
29. L. albus Scop. Sonn. Voy. t. 71. 
30. L. dubius Lath. 
31. L. pacificus Gmel. 
32. L. tabuensis Gmel. 
33. L. (?) striatus (Gmel.) Wagl. Lath. Syn. pi. 16. 
34. L. humeralis Stanl. Salt’s Trav. App. p. 51. 
Enneoctonus Boie .* 
Wings moderate, and rather pointed, with the third quill the longest. Tail moderate, and much 
rounded. The other characters like those of Lanius. 
This division embraces species that are found in Europe and India. Their habits and manners are very similar to 
those of the former genus, except that they seem chiefly to live on various kinds of insects, and rarely if ever attack 
small birds. 
1 
1. E. collurio (Linn.) PI. enl. 31. — Lanius seruginosus Kl. ; 
L. spinitorques Bechst. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 69 ., Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. 
t. 64. 
2. E. ru fas (Briss.) PI. enl. 9- f. 2. — Lanius ruficeps Bechst. ; 
L. pomeranus Sparrm. Mus. Carls, t. I.; L. rutilus Lath.; L. 
ruficollis Shaw, Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 63., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 70.; 
Type of Phoneus Kaup (1829). 
3. E. phmnicurus (Pall.) Zoogr. i. p. 405. 
4. E. lucionensis (Linn.) Briss. Orn. i. p. 169 . t. 18. f. 1 . 
Lanius cristatus Linn. Edwards’s Birds, pi. 54. ; L. melanotis Va- 
lenc. ; L. collurioides Less. ; Collurio ferrugiceps Hodgs. 
5. E. bucephalus (Temm. & Schl.) Faun. Jap. t. 14. 
6 . E. supcrciliosus (Lath.) Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 66 . f. 2. 
Nilaus Swains.f 
Bill long and strong ; with the culmen and the sides compressed near the tip, which is hooked and 
emarginated ; the gonys long, and curved upwards ; the gape furnished with short weak bristles ; the 
nostrils lateral, with the opening exposed and partly closed by a membrane. Wings long, and rather 
rounded ; with the third, fourth, and fifth quills equal and longest. Tail short, and emarginated. 
Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, and covered in front with broad transverse scales. Toes short, 
and rather strong ; with the outer toe longer than the inner, and very slightly united at its base ; the 
hind toe long, and broadly padded ; the claws long, curved, and acute. 
The typical species of this genus is found in the southern and northern portions of Africa. It appears to migrate 
from place to place, in flocks of few individuals ; and, when it takes to a locality, it is usually observed flitting about the 
branches of the trees that grow on the margins of the rivers, searching for insects both in their perfect and imperfect 
states. The nest is formed of moss and fine roots, lined internally with wool and feathers. The eggs are usually 
five in number. 
N. capensis (Shaw), Swains. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 71. — Lanius brubru Lath. ; L. frontalis Forst. 
* M. Boie established this genus in 1826 (Isis). It embraces Phoneus of Dr. Kaup (1829). 
t It was in 1827 that Mr. Swainson established this genus (Zool. Journ. p. 162.). 
