Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe III. Dentirostres. 
Family V. Laniidje- 
The second Subfamily, 
TITAMNOPHILINTE, or Bush-Shrikes, 
have the Bill more or less lengthened, compressed on the sides, the culmen straight but arched, hooked 
and emarginated at the tip, the gape more or less bristled ; the Nostrils basal, lateral, and mostly 
rounded; the Wings moderate, and more or less rounded; the Tail usually long and rounded ; the Tarsi 
moderate, and covered with broad scales ; the Toes moderate, the lateral ones unequal, and the outer toe 
united to the middle one at the base. 
Thamnophilus Vieill .* 
Bill moderate, strong, compressed on the sides, with the culmen slightly sloping from the base towards 
the tip, which is abruptly hooked and emarginated ; the gonys long and advancing upwards to the tip, 
which is also emarginated ; the nostrils basal, lateral, rounded, and exposed. Wings moderate and 
rounded, with the fourth to the seventh quills the longest. Tail more or less lengthened and rounded. 
Tarsi longer than the middle toe, covered before and behind with transverse scales. Toes moderate, the 
lateral toes unequal, the outer united as far as the first joint of the middle toe ; the claws moderate, 
much curved, and acute. 
Most of these birds are inhabitants of the tropical parts of America, yet a few of the species extend northwards as 
far as Canada. They usually reside in the vast forests, searching the foliage of the low bushes, and the trunks of the 
trees, for the coleopterous and other insects on which they subsist. The nests are usually placed in the thick bushes, at 
no great distance from the ground : the exterior is attached by strong filaments to the boughs which form a fork, at 
the extremity of a slender brancli ; the interior is furnished with hairs and delicate stems of plants. Some species 
compose it of a series of small spinous branches slightly put together. The eggs are from two to five in number. 
1. Th . doliatus (Linn.) PI. enl. 297. f. 2., Edwards’s Birds, pi. 
226. — Thamnophilus radiatus Vieill. ; Th. radiosus Spix, Av. Bras, 
t. 35. f. 2. t. 38. f. 1. ; Lauius ferrugineus Act. Pa?-. ; L. i ubiginosus 
Lath. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 77- f- 2. 
2. Th. pal/iatus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 46. — Tham- 
nophilus lineatus Spix, Av. Bras. t. 33. f. I, 2. ; Th. badius Swains. 
B. of Braz. pi. 65, 66. ; Lanius vestitus Cue. 
3. ’I'll, fasciatus Swains. Zool. Journ. ii. 88. 
4. Th. cinnatnomeus Swains. Zool. Journ. ii. 87. 
5. Th. bicolor Swains. Zool Journ. ii. 86., Ornith. Draw. pi. 6 0. 
6. Th. undulatus Mikan, Del. Florae et Faun. Bras. t. — Tham- 
nophilus stiiatus Quoy et Gam. Yoy. de l’Uranie, Ois. t. 18,19. j Th. 
Vigorsii Such, Zool. Journ. Supp.pl. 7.; Th. cinereus et Th. rufus 
Vieill. ; Th. gigas Swains. 
7. Th. severus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 45. — Tliam- 
[ nophilus niger Such, Jard. & Selby’s 111. Orn. pi. 21. ; Th. Swain- 
I soni Such. 
8. Th. meleagris (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 46. — Tham- 
nophilus guttatus Spix, Av. Bras. t. 35. f. 1. ; Th. maculatus Such, 
Zool. Journ. i. 53 7- suppl. pi. 6. 
9. Th. Leachii Such, Zool. Journ. i. 588., Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. 
pi. 41. 
10. Til. stagurus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 45. — Tham- 
nophilus albiventris Spix, Av. Bras. t. 32. ; Th. major Vieill. 
1 1. Th. luctuosus (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 47 Tham- 
nophilus Othello Less. Cent. Zool. t. 19. 
12. Th. ncevius (Linn.) Vieill. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 77., Leach, 
Zool. Misc.pl. 17- — Thamnophilus cterulescens et Th. auratus Vieill. 
Azara No. 214.213.; Lanius punctatus Shaw, Swains. Ornith. 
Draw. pi. 59. 
* Established by Vieillot ( Analyse , p. 40.) in 1816. In 1831 M. Lesson proposed the name of Batara for the same set of birds. It 
embraces Cymbilaimus G. R. Gray (1840). 
