THAMNOPHILIM. 
13. Th. ambiguus Swains. Zool. Journ. ii. 91 . 
14. Th. . — Thamnophilus pileatus Swains. Zool. Journ. 
ii. 91. 
15. Th. pileatus ( Lath.). 
16. Th. ruflceps Such, Zool. Journ. i. 559- 
17- Th. torquatus Swains. Zool. Journ. ii. 88. 
18. Th. ferrugineus Swains. Zool. Journ. ii. 92. 
19- Th. aspersiventer D’Orb. & Lafr. Voy. dans l'Ame'r. Mer. t. 
4. f. 1. 2. 
20. Th. atropileus D’Orb. & Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 11. — Thamno- 
philus rutilus Vieill. ? 
21. Th. albonotatus Spix, Av. Bras. t. 38. f. 2. 
22. Th. schistaceus D’Orb. & Lafr. Voy. dans l’Amer. Mer. t. 4. 
f. 2. 
23. Th. fuliginosus Gould, Proc. Z S. 1837. 80. 
24. Th. . — Thamnophilus fuliginosus D’Orb. Sf Lafr. 
Voy. dans 1’Amer. Mer. t. 5.f. 1. 
25. Th. . — Thamnophilus palliatus Less. Rev. Zool. 
1839. 104. 
26. Th. capistratus Less. Rev. Zool. 1840.226. 
27. Th. pectoralis Swains. Two Cent, and a Quart, p. 283. 
28. Th. albicans Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844. 82. 
29- Th. multistriatus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844. 82. 
30. Th. brevirostris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1 844. 82. 
31. Th. Thamnophilus luctuosus Tschudi, Fauna 
Peruana, p. 18. 
32. Th. cr {status (Lath. ?) Pr. Max. Beitr. iii. 1002. 
33. Th. maculatus D'Orb. & Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 11. 
34. Th. canadensis (Linn.) PI. enl. 479- !• 2. 
85. Th. . Briss. Orn. ii. t. 39- f. 4. — Muscicapa canadensis 
Linn. Vieill. Ois. d’Amer. Sept. t. 49- ? 
36. Th. cristatellus Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. xxxv. 200. 
37- Th. virescens Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. xxxv. S19- 
38. Th. ruficapillus Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. iii. 318., Azara 
No. 215. 
39- Th. cyanocephalus Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. iii. 318., Azara 
No. 216. 
40. Th. rubious Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. iii. 316. 
41. Th. . — Thamnophilus lineatus Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. 
Nat. 3. 316. 
42. Th. guttatus Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. iii. 315. 
43. Th. longicaudatus Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. iii. 315. 
44. Th. chloropterus Vieill. N, Diet. Hist. Nat. iii. 310. 
45. Th. viridis Vieill. N.Dict. Hist. Nat. iii. 318. 
46. Th. . — Thamnophilus viridis Vieill. Encyc. Meth. 
p. 750. 
47. Th. ruber (Gmel.). 
48. Th. varius (Gmel.) Vieill. 
49. Th. aurantius (Lath.). 
50. Th. niger (Gmel.). 
51. Th. obscurus Leach, Zool. Misc. pi. 21. 
52. Th. scapularis (Licht.) Pr. Max. Beitr. iii. 999- 
53. Th. nigricans Pr. Max. Beitr. iii. 1006. 
54. Th .lineatus (Leach), Zool. Misc. pi. 6. — Type of Cym- 
bilaimus G. R. Gray (1840). 
Laniauius Vieill .* 
Bill rather slender, straight, much compressed on the sides ; the culmen slightly curved to the tip 
which is slightly hooked and emarginated, the gonys moderate, and advancing upwards to the tip, which 
is emarginated 5 the gape furnished with a few short bristles 5 the nostrils basal, lateial, and lounded. 
T Vings moderate and rounded, with the fifth and sixth quills the longest. Tail lengthened, and more 01 
less rounded. Tarsi longer than the middle toe ; covered in front with transverse scales, and on the 
sides by an entire one. Toes lengthened, the lateral ones unequal, and the outer united to the first joint, 
the hind toe strong, and longer than the outer toe ; the claws moderate, arched, and acute. 
These birds are found on the continent of Africa, where they frequent the branches of the lofty trees that are 
located near the rivers. Their chief food is insects, regardless of their states, which they search for on the branches or 
among the foliage. The larger species are said to attack young and sickly birds, and some feed on fruits and berries. 
The nests are hidden in the bushes or in the trees that border the rivers, and are composed of moss and stems of plants. 
The eggs are usually from four to five in number. 
1. L. barbarus (Linn.) Vieill. PI. enl. 56., Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. 
t. 69,, Swains. Zool. Illustr. n. s. pi. 7' • 
2. L. atrococcineus (Burch.) Zool. Journ. i. 46l. pi. 28., Swains. 
Zool. Illustr. n. s. pi. 72. 
3. L. cruentatus (Rupp.) Rupp. Zool. Atlas, pi. 29., Ehrenb. 
Symb. Phys. Aves, t. 3. — Malaconotus roseus Jard. Sj Selby, 111. 
Orn. n. s. pi. 30. ; M. erytlirogaster Swains. 
4. L. olivaceus (Shaw), Vieill. Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 75, 76. 
f. 1 . — Lanius oleagineus IAcht. 
5. L. similis (Smith). — Malaconotus chrysogaster Swains. B. 
of W. Afr. pi. 25. ; M. aurantiopectus Less. 
6. L. leucotis (Swains.) Two Cent, and a Quart, p. 341. 
7. L. superciliosus (Swains.) B. of W. Afr. i. 239- 
8. L. gutturalis (Daud.) Le Vaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 286 Mala- 
* Established by Vieillot {Analyse, p. 41.) in 1816. In 1824 Mr. Swainson proposed Malaconotus, and in 1826 M. Boie used 
Felicinius for this section. It embraces Dryoscopus of M. Boie (1826), with which my Hapahphus (1837) is coequal. 
