KOE 
tenth year of his reign. But to entitle them 
to this rank they must be created by the 
King in person in the field, under tire royal 
banners, in time of open war; otherwise 
they rank after baronets. 
Knight service, a tenure, where several 
lands were held of the King, which draws 
after it homage and service in war, escuage, 
ward, marriage, &c. but is taken away by 
statute 12 Charles II. c. 24. 
KNOT, means the divisions of the log- 
line used at sea. These are usually seven 
fathoms, or forty-two feet ; they ought to 
be fifty feet, and then as many knots as the 
log-line runs out in half a minute, so many 
miles does the ship sail in an hour, suppos- 
ing her to keep going at an equal rate. 
Knots of a rope, among seamen, are dis- 
tinguished into three kinds, viz. whole- 
knot, that made so with the lays of a rope 
that it cannot slip, serving for sheets, tacks, 
and stoppers: bow-link knot, that so firmly 
made, and fastened to the cringles of the 
sails, that tliey most break or the sail split 
before it slips : and sheep-shank-knot, that 
made by shortening a rope without cutting 
it, which may be presently loosened, and' 
the rope not the worse for it. 
KNOWLEDGE, is defined by Mr. 
Locke, to be the perception of the con- 
nection and agreement, or disagreement 
and repugnancy of our ideas. 
KNOXIA, in botany, so called from 
Robert Knox, a genus of the Tetrandria 
Monogynia elass and order. Natural order 
of Stellatae. Rubiaceae, Jussieu. Essen- 
tial character : corolla one-petalled, funnel- 
form ; seeds two, grooved ; calyx one, 
leaflet larger. There is only one species, 
viz. K. zeylanica, a native of Ceylon. 
KOELREUTERIA, in botany, so named 
in honour of Joseph Gottlieb Koelreuter, a 
genus of the Polygamia Monoecia class and 
order. Natural order of Trihilatce. Sa- 
pindi, Jussieu. Essential character : calyx 
five-leaved ; petals four ; nectary double, 
four scalelets, and three glands; stamens 
eight, fixed to a column ; germ three-sided, 
fixed to the same column; capsule three- 
celled, with two cells in each cell. There 
is but one species, viz. K. paullinoides ; this 
is a tree, with an arboreous, upright, trunk, 
about six feet in height; branches scat- 
tered, spreading, when young having dotted 
glands scattered over them ; buds from the 
axils of the leaves, resinous, cone-shaped 
with imbricate scales; peduncles, termi- 
nating, scattered, spreading, branched into 
KY A 
many pedicles ; flowers panicled, three or 
more on each pedicle. According to L’He- 
ritier it is a polygamous tree, and a native 
of China. 
KOENIGIA, in botany, so named in 
honour of John Gerard Koenig, M. D. of 
Courland, who first found this plant in Ice- 
land. It is a genus of the Triandria Trigy- 
nia class and order. Natural order of Ho- 
loraces. Polygonea?,, Jussieu. Essential 
character; calyx three-leaved; corolla 
none; seed one, ovate, naked. There is 
but one species, viz. K. islandica. 
KOS, in Jewish antiquity, a measure of 
capacity, containing about four cubic 
inches ; this was the cup of blessing, out 
of which they drank when they gave thanks 
after solemn meals, like that of the pass- 
over. ' 
KRAMERIA, in botany, so named in 
memory of John George, Henry, and Wil- 
liam Henry Kramer, botanists, a genus of 
the Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 
Essential character: calyx none; corolla 
four-petalled ; nectary upper three-parted, 
lower two-leaved; berry dry, echinated, 
one-seeded. There is but one species, viz. 
K. ixina, this is a shrub with lanceolate 
leaves; flowers alternate, in terminating 
racemes. It was found in South America 
by Loefling. 
KUHNIA, in botany, so called from 
Adam Kulmius, a genus of the Syngenesia 
Polygamia JEqualis class and order. Natu- 
ral order of Compositae Discoideae. Co- 
rymbifer®, Jussieu. Essential character: 
flowers floscular; calyx imbricate, oblong, 
cylindrical; down plumose; receptacle 
naked; style deeply bifid; stigmas club- 
shaped; anthers distinct. There is but 
one species, viz. K. eupatormides, a native 
of Pensylvania. 
KURTUS, in natural history, a genus of 
fishes of the order Jugulares. Generic cha- 
racter : body carinated above and below, 
and broad ; back highly elevated; gill mem- 
brane, with two rays. This consists, as far 
as it is known, of only a single species. It 
inhabits the seas of India, and is supposed 
to live on insects, shell fish, and particu- 
larly young crabs. Its length is about ten 
inches, and its breadth four. Its colour 
on the whole body, is that of silver foil, and 
its back is tinged with gold, and marked on 
its ridge with several black spots. For a 
representation of the kurtus, see Pisces, 
Plate V. fig. 1 . 
KYANITE, orCYANiTE, in mineralogy, 
a species of the tale genus : its principal 
D 2 
