LAT 
LAT 
the bar B B, through each of the branches, 
formed by the opening in the bottom mor- 
tices, are cut as is well seen in fig. 3 ; these 
receive tlie end of a short piece of iron, m, 
having a screw tapped into it ; it is by 
screwing this screw tight up against the un- 
derside of the bar, that the puppet is fas- 
tened upon it; a small piece of iron plate is 
put between the end of the screw and the 
underside of the bar, to defend it from 
bruises by the latter ; the upper end of the 
puppets are perforated with cylindrical 
holes, to receive truly turned pins, n n, 
and which are fixed at any place Iry screws, 
0 0 , these holes must be exactly in a line 
with each other, when the puppets are set 
at any place upon the bar, and it is to ac- 
complish this, that too much care cannot be 
taken in forming tlie bar perfectly straight 
and true in the first instance, and of suf- 
ficient strength to preserve its figure. F is 
another puppet, fixed on the bar, in the 
same manner as D and E ; it has a conical 
hole through its upper end, whose centre is 
exactly in the same line with the holes 
through the other two puppets D and E, 
this conical hole is the socket' for the man- 
drill, G, to turn in, being conical at that 
part, and fitting the socket with the great- 
est accuracy ; the other end is pointed, and 
turns in a hole made in the pin, n, of the 
puppet, D, and vrhich besides the screw, o, 
has another at its end tapped into a cock, 
screwed to the puppet, to keep it up to its 
work ; the mandrill has a pulley fixed on it, 
with three grooves of difl'erent sizes, to re- 
ceive a band of catgut which goes over it, 
and round the great iron wheel, A A ; it is 
by this that the mandrill is turned. I is the 
rest, composed of three principal pieces, 
shown separate in fig. 5, one of these pieces, 
r, is filed to an angle withinside, and fur- 
nished with a screw similar to the puppets, 
whereby it can be fastened to the bar ; on 
each side of this, pieces of iron, s s, are laid 
on the bar, and are fastened together by 
two short bars, 1 1, to which they are both 
screwed, the main piece, r, being cut away 
to make room for them. L is the bottom 
part of tlie rest, supported on the two 
pieces, s s, it has a dove-tailed groove along 
the underside, a button, with a head like a 
screw, is fastened to the tqp of the main 
piece, r, and is received into the groove ; 
when the screw of the piece, r, is turned, it 
draws the button down towards the bar, 
and as its head takes its bearing on the in- 
side of the groove, it must hold the piece L 
fast down upon the pieces, ss;when the 
screw is loosened the whole rest can be 
moved along the bar B, the piece L can be 
slid backwards and forwards upon the 
pieces, s s, or it can be turned round upon 
the button of the piece, r, as a centre, at 
the convenience of the workmen ; and all 
these motions are firmly clamped by the 
screw beneath the bar. The piece L has at 
one end a short iron tube fixed to it, iu this 
an iron pin is fitted, to hold at its upper end 
the cross bar, V, on which the tool is laid, a 
screw is fixed in the tube, and a nut upon it 
presses a piece ofiron, w, upon the ends of 
tw'o short pins going through the tube, the 
other ends take against the large iron pin of 
the rest, V ; when the nut is unscrewed the 
rest can be set higher or lower, or turned 
round obliquely, and fixed by turning the 
nut ; the bar, v, of the rest, is fixed on by a 
screw, so that it can be easily changed for 
another when worn, or for different work 
there should be two or three of different 
sizes with the lathe. The mandrill, G, of 
the lathe should be of iron, and at the part 
where it turns in the collar, F, it should have 
a piece of good steel welded round it, and 
turned vei’y true in a lathe, and also the 
point at the end should be of steel ; a small 
hole is drilled down from the top of the 
puppet, F, into the collar to supply it occa- 
sionally with oil. The end of the mandrill, 
beyond the collar, is formed into a male 
screw, whereon to fix the work to be 
turned. The manner of holding the work 
varies in almost every instance, and is ex- 
plained under the article Turning ; in ge- 
neral, it is held in pieces of wood called 
cheeks, screwed to the mandrill, they are 
turned hollow like a dirii, and the work is 
driven into the cavity, as shown in fig. 1. 
LATHRiEA, in botany, a genus of the 
Didynaraia Angiospermia class and order. 
Natural order of Personatae. Pediculares, 
Jussieu. Essential character : calyx four- 
cleft ; gland depressed at the base of the 
suture of the germ ; capsule one-celled. 
There are four species, of which L. squama- 
ria, great tooth-wort, has a headed root, 
branched and surrounded with white succu- 
lent scales ; it is parasitical, and generally 
attached to the roots of ehns, hasels, or 
some other trees, in a shady situation ; or, it 
has usually a naked stem ; flowers in a spike 
from one side of the stem in a double row ; 
calyx hairy ; segments equal ; corolla pale 
purple, or flesh-coloured, except the lower 
lips, w’hich is white. Native of most parts 
of Europe. 
LATHYRUS, in botany, a genus of the 
