‘ LINNiEUS. 
new systematic arrangement, founded on 
the sexual parts. He drew up a trea- 
tise on this principle, which was shewn to 
Celsius, and by him to the botanical pro- 
fessor, Rudbeck, who had tlie liberality to 
bestow on it his warmest approbation. As 
the professor’s advanced age made him de- 
sirous of a deputy in the office of lecturing, 
Linn® us, in 1730, was appointed to this 
office, and was also taken by Rudbeck 
into his own house as tutor to his sons. 
The court of Sweden having issued an 
order that the academy at Upsal should 
send a proper person to travel through Lap- 
land, Linnaeus, who had a strong inclination 
to visit that country, was chosen for the 
office. He set out in May, 1732, very 
slenderly provided as a scientific traveller, 
all his baggage witli himself being carried 
on a single horse. This tour would have 
been much more interesting to science had 
it been taken when he was further advanced 
in his studies, and better equipped for mak- 
ing observations. Its chief fruits were a 
“ flora lapponica,” and some curious medi- 
and economical facts. 
Having learnt the art of assaying metals 
at the mines of Calix, he gave lectures on 
that subject and mineralogy in general, 
after his return. He improved himself in 
this branch of knowledge by a visit to the 
mining country round Fahlnn, at the end of 
1733. He found, however, that a doctor’s 
degree would be necessary to his further 
advancement, and in order to obtain this, 
money was necessary. For this purpose he 
was advised by a friend to turn his tlioughts 
towards a matrimonial connection with 
some lady of fortune, and having an intro- 
duction to the family of Mormus, the town 
■ physician of Fahlun, he ventured to make 
his addresses to his eldest daughter Eliza- 
beth, and was favourably received. His 
indigent circumstances gave him little hopes 
of obtaining the father’s consent ; but to 
his surprise he pnly required a delay until 
his exertions should open a path to a com- 
fortable settlement. Linnmus therefore re- 
solved to travel in quest of fortune and a 
degree, and having accumulated his little 
savings, to which were added those of his 
faithful Elizabeth, he set out for Holland in 
the spring of 1735. 
At Harderwyck, as the cheapest univer- 
sity, he took the degree of doctor of physic, 
maintaining for his thesis, “ Nova Hypo- 
thesis Febrium Intermittentiura.” He vi- 
sited Leyden and Amsterdam, and was par- 
ticularly noticed by Dr. John Frederic 
Gronovius, who, upon being shewn in ma- 
nuscript the first sketch of the “ Systema 
Natur®,’’ requested it might be printed at 
his own expense. This was accordingly 
done at Leyden, in 1735, in a tabular form 
occupying twelve folio pages. By the ad- 
vice of Gronovius he waited on Boerhaave, 
who, on conversing with him, became sen- 
sible of his singular attainments in botany, 
and advised him to remain in Holland. 
Munificence was not among that great 
man’s excellencies, and a verbal message, 
by way of introduction to Burmann at Am- 
sterdam, was the principal favour that Lin- 
n®us received from him. That eminent 
botanist, who was there engaged on his 
w'ork on the plants of Ceylon, took the 
Swede into his house, and treated him with 
great liberality. His library and collections 
were of much use to Linnaeus, who Jhere 
published his excellent work, the “ Fun- 
damenta Botanica,” the basis of his system. 
While he was in tliis situation, Mr. Clifford, 
an opulent merchant of Amsterdam, who had 
a fine garden of exotics, having heard of the 
merit of Linnaeus from Boerhaave, pre- 
vailed upon Burmann to part with him, 
and took him to his country house at Harte- 
camp, near Haerlem. 
In 1736 Linnaeus, at Mr. Clifford’s ex- 
pence, paid a visit to England. There were 
at that time few distinguished botanists in 
this country, and Dillenius was the person 
whom he was most desirous of seeing; 
Linnaeus went to him at Oxford, and at 
first met with a cool reception, tlie old 
botanist having been offended witlj some of 
his innovations : after a little conversation, 
however, he liked him so well, that he de- 
tained him a month, and strongly urged 
him to take up his afiode at Oxford and 
share his salary as professor. Dr. Shaw, the 
traveller, Marty n. Milter, and Collinson, also 
showed him much civility; but Sir Hans 
Sloane did not pay the attention to him 
which might have been expected from such 
a votary of natural history. Linnmus re- 
turned to Holland enriched with many new 
plants for Clifford’s garden, the description 
of which, under the title of “ Hortns Clif- 
fortiaiius,” appeared in a splendid publica- 
tion in 1737, drawn up by him and arrang- 
ed according to his new system. He had 
already, in the same year, presented to the 
botanical world the essence of that system 
in the first edition of his “ Genera Plan- 
tarum.” 
In the year 1738, having received intel- 
ligence that he was in danger of being 
