I 
LIN 
rally in use, but have been improved or 
rivalled. The mineralogical has been en- 
tirely set aside by the great advances made 
in chemical knowledge. Linnaus also car- 
ried his methodising plants into the science 
of medicine, and pqblished a classified 
“ Materia Medica,” and a system of noso- 
logy, under the title of “ Genera Morbo- 
rum.” Neither of these, however, are con- 
sidered as happy efforts, and he can 
scarcely rank among the improvers of his 
proper profession, except as having brought 
into notice some popular remedies, and 
recorded some curious dietetical observa- 
tions. 
A moderate degree of opulence (consi- 
derable indeed relatively to the country in 
which he lived) attended the honour and 
reputation which Linnasus enjoyed. He 
was enabled to purchase an estate and villa 
at Hammerby, near Upsal, which was his 
chief summer residence during the last fif- 
teen years of his life. Here he had a mu- 
seum of natural history, on which he gave 
lectures ; and here he occasionally enter- 
tained his friends, but with that (economy 
which had become a habit with him, and 
which the possession of wealth, as is fre- 
quently the case, rather straightened than 
relaxed. His vigour and activity continued 
to an advanced period, though his memory, 
overburthened with such an immense load 
of names, began to fail after his sixtieth 
year. An attack of apoplexy, in May 
1774, obliged him to relinquish the most 
laborious parts of his professional duties, 
and to close his literary toils. In 1776 a 
second seizure rendered him paralytic on 
the right side, and reduced him to a deplor- 
able state of mental and bodily debility. 
An ulceration of the bladder was the con- 
cluding symptom which carried him off, on 
January 10, 1778, in the seventy-first year 
of his age. A general mourning took place 
at Upsal, at his death, and his body was 
attended to the grave with every token of 
respect. His memory received distinguish- 
ed honours, not only in his own country, 
but from the friends of science in various 
foreign nations. 
Linnaeus was below the middle stature, 
but strong and muscular. His features 
were agreeable, and his eyes were uncom- 
monly animated. His temper was lively, 
ardent, kritable ; his indignation warm, and 
his industry indefatigable. He had a large 
share of natural eloquence, and a good 
command of language, though his perpe- 
tual study of things did not permit him to 
LIN 
pay much attention to the ornaments of 
words. In society he was easy and plea- 
sant; in his domestic relations kind and 
affectionate, and in the ordinary commerce 
of life upright and honourable. His views of 
nature impressed him with the most devout 
sentiments towards its author, and a glow 
of unaffected piety is continually breaking 
forth throughout his writings. If it be 
generally true that men of real merit are 
modest estimators of themselves, he was an 
exception to the rule ; for vanity was his 
greatest foible, and no panegyrist could 
surpass what he has written to his own 
praise _in his diary. He was, however, 
totally free from envy, and bestowed ap- 
plause liberally where it was deserved ; nor 
did his love of fame cause him to descend 
to personal controversies with antagonists. 
He left a son and four daughters. The for- 
mer was joint professor of botany with his 
father, and succeeded to his medical chair ; 
he was well acquainted with botanical 
science, but had none of his father’s genius. 
The eldest daughter, Elizabeth-Cliristiana, 
had a turn for observation, and became 
known by her discovery of the luminous 
quality of the flower tropceolum, communi- 
cated to the academy at Stockholm. 
Of the numerous rvorks of Linnmus, and 
their djfferent editions, particular cata- 
logues are given in the works from which 
this article is composed. Stover’s Life of 
Linnmus. Pulteney’s General View of the 
Writing’s of Linnaeus, second edition, by 
Dr. Maton, with the Diary of Linnmus, by 
himself. 
LINNET. See Linaria. 
LIN OCIERA, in botany, so named from 
Geofroy Linocier, Physician at Tournon, in 
the Vivarais, a genus of the Diandria Mo- 
nogynia class and order. Essential charac- 
ter ; calyx four-toothed ; corolla four-petal- 
led ; anthers connecting two opposite petals 
at the base ; berry two-celled. 
LINSEED, the seed of the plant linnm. 
LINSPINS, in the military art, small 
pins of iron which keep the wheel of a can- 
non, or waggon, on the axletree ; for when 
the end of the axletree is put through the 
nave, the linspin is put in to keep the wheel 
from falling off. 
LINSTOCK, in the military art, a 
wooden staff, about three feet long, upon 
one end of which is a piece of iron which 
divides in two, turning from one another, 
having each a place to receive a match, and 
a screw to keep it fast ; the other end is 
pointed, and shod with iron, to stick in the 
