MAL 
the nitrous acid, and likewise the solution 
of gold when diluted with water; whereas 
the citric acid does not alter any of these 
solutions. 
MALICE, a formed design of doing mis- 
chief to another. Malice is of two kinds ; 
express or implied. Malice express, in 
cases of homicide, is, where one with a 
deliberate intention, evidenced by exter- 
nal circumstances, kills another. This in- 
tention may appear by lying in wait, ante- 
cedent menaces, former grudges, and con- 
certed schemes to do one some bodily harm. 
Malice implied is various ; as where one 
voluntarily kills another without any provo- 
cation, or where one wilfully poisons an- 
other ; in such cases, the law implies ma- 
lice, though no particular enmity can be 
proved. See Homicide. 
In this latter case, the act, if it is in itself 
necessarily injurious to anothei', implies ma- 
lice. As to stab one is the best evidence 
of a design to injure him, because the act 
necessarily must injure him, and malice is 
but a design to injure ; and if it really were 
an accidental injury, that must be shown 
from other circumstances which are gene- 
rally to be proved on the part of the de- 
fendant. Malice being a design to injure, 
any injurious act implies malice, but in 
common speech it is more frequently ap- 
plied to the continued workings of a long 
preconceived hatred and ill-will. 
MALLEABLE, a property of metals, 
whereby they are capable of being extend- 
ed under the hammer. See Ductility 
and Metal. 
MALLET, a kind of large wooden ham- 
mer, used by artificers who work with a 
chissel, as sculptors, masons, and stone-cut- 
ters, whose mallets are commonly round ; 
and by joiners, carpenters, &c. who work 
with square-headed mallets. 
MALLEUS, in anatomy, a bone of the 
ear, so called from its resemblance to a mal- 
let, and in which is observed the head, the 
neck and handle, which is joined to the 
membrane of the tympanum. 
MALOPE, in botany, a genus of the 
Monadelphia Polyandria class and order. 
Natural order of Columniferae. Malva- 
ceae, Jussieu. Essential character: calyx 
double, outer three-leaved ; arils glome- 
rate, one-seeded. There are two species, 
viz. M. malacoides, and M. parviflora, the 
former has greatly the appearance of mal- 
low, but differs from it in having the cells 
collected into a button, somewhat like a 
blackberry.? the bunches spread, and lie 
almost flat upon the ground, extending a 
MAL 
foot or more each way. The flowers are 
produced singly upon long axillary pedun- 
cles, they are in shape and colour like those 
of mallow. It is a native of tlie meadows 
of Tuscany and of Barbary. 
MALPIGHIA, in botany, so named in 
honour of Marcello Malpighi, professor of 
medicine at Bologna, a genus of the Decan- 
dria Trigynia class and order. Natural 
order of Trihilatae. Malpighim, Jussieu. 
Essentia! character : calyx five-leaved, with 
melliferous pores on the outside at the 
base ; petals five, roundish, with claws ; 
berry one-celled, three-seeded. There are 
eighteen species, of which M. glabra, smooth- 
leaved Barbadoes cherry, usually grows to 
the height of sixteen or eighteen feet ; 
leaves opposite, subsessile, acute, continu- 
ing all the year; flowers in axillary and ter- 
minating bunches ; the pedicels have a sin- 
gle joint ; calyx incurved with glands ; pe- 
tals subcordate ; stigmas simple, with a little 
drop ; fruit red, round, the size of a cherry. 
This tree grows plentifully in most of the 
islands in the West Indies ; whether it is 
natural there or not is difficult to deter- 
mine, for birds being fond of the frnit,»they 
disperse the seeds every where in great 
abundance. 
MALT, a term applied to grain which 
has' been made to germinate artificially to 
a certain extent, after which the process is 
stopped by the application of heat. The 
barley is steeped in cold water for a period 
not less than forty hours, by which it in- 
creases in bulk and imbibes moisture, 
while at the same time a quantity of carbo- 
nic acid gas is emitted, and a part of thft 
substance of the husk is dissolved. The 
weight of the barley is increased in the pro- 
portion of 147 to to 100, and the bulk i& in- 
creased about one-fifth. When it is siaffici- 
ently steeped, the water is drained off, and 
the barley thrown out of the cistern upon the 
malt floor, where it is formed into a rectan- 
gular heap, called the couch, sixteen inches 
deep. In this state it remains about twenty- 
six hours. It is then turned by means of 
wooden shovels, and diminished a little in 
depth: this operation is repeated twice or 
thrice a day, and the grain is spread thinner 
and thinner, till at last its depth does not 
exceed a few inches. On the couch it ab- 
sorbs oxygen from the atmosphere, which 
it converts into carbonic acid ; the tempe- 
rature gradually increases, and in about 
four days the grain is ten degrees hotter 
than the surrounding atmosphere. The 
grain now becomes moist, and exhales an 
agreeable odour ; this is called the sweat- 
