MAN. 
with numerous sebaceous glands, which 
may be clearly seen through the integu- 
ments. The matter which these secrete, 
preserves the parts from the excoriation 
"which they would otherwise suffer from 
suckling. The mammary gland is com- 
posed of a vast congeries of small tubes, 
convoluted and accumulated on each other, 
and known by the technical names of tu- 
f)uli lactil’eri. These unite together, gra- 
dually forming larger and larger trunks, 
which approach from all sides towards the 
nipple. The trunks become very much 
contracted at the areola, and in this state 
pass through the nipple, to terminate on its 
surface by open orifices about fifteen in 
number, whose siae is about sufficient to 
admit a hog’s bristle. This structure can 
only be shewn during the period of .suckling. 
The use of the milk secreted in tiiese 
glands, as a nutriment for the young ani- 
mal, is known to every body. It is singu- 
lar that they should exist, in the male, 
where they never perform any office' what- 
ever; at least, except in very rare instances, 
where a fluid of a milky nature has been 
poured out from them. 
MAMMEA, in botany, a genus of the 
Polygamia Monoecia, or Dioecia class and 
order. Natural order of Guttifer®, Jussieu. 
Essential character : calyx one-leafed, tw'o- 
parted; corolla four-petalled ; berry very 
large, four-seeded. There is but one .spe- 
cies, viz. M. americana, American mam- 
mee, which is a lofty, upright, handsome 
tree, with a thick spreading elegant head ; 
it has a long tap root, which renders it diffi- 
cult to transplant ; the leaves are oval, 
quite entire, extremely shining, leathery, 
firm witli parallel transverse streaks, on' 
short petioles from five to eight inches in 
lengtli ; pedniicles one-flowered, scattered 
over the stouter branches; flowers sweet, 
white, an inch and half in diameter ; the 
calyx is often trifid, with a liye-petalled 
corolla. It is a native of the Caribbee 
islands, and the neighbouring continent. 
MAN. The natural history of man is 
yet in its infancy ; insomuch that we can- 
not pretend to give any thing like a com- 
plete view of the subject. The description 
and arrangement of the various productions 
of the globe, have occupied numerous ob- 
servers in all ages of the world ; and every 
insect and plant of common occurrence has 
been described with minute accuracy, while 
the human subject alone has been almost 
entirely neglected. It is only of late that 
the natural history of man has begun to re- 
ceive its due share of attention ; and we 
shall venture to assert, that, whether we re- 
gard the intrinsic importance of the ques- 
tions that arise, or merely advert to the 
pleasure of the research, no subject will be 
found more deserving of minute investiga- 
tion. Much of the following sketch is de- 
rived from Blumenbach, “ De Generis Hu- 
mani Varietate Nativa.” Ed. Sd, Getting. 
1795; to which we refer the reader for 
more detailed information. He may also 
consult the “Decades Cranionun” of the 
same author; Camper “Traiffides Differ- 
ences Reelles,” &c. 4to,. ; Buffbn in his 
large work on “ Natural History ;” Hun- 
ter “ Disp. Inaug. de Hominum Varietati- 
hi!3, earumque Causis ;” Zimmerman “ Geo- 
graphische Geschichle der Menschen, 
&c.” and Ludwig “ Grundriss der Natur- 
geschichte der Menschen — species.” 
The differences, which exist between in- 
habitants of different regions of the globe, 
both in bodily conformation and in the fa- 
culties of the mind, are so striking, that 
they must have attracted the notice even of 
superficial observers. There are two ways 
of explaining these : first, by referring the 
different races of men to different original 
families, according to which supposition they 
will form in the language of naturalists, dif- 
ferent species; or we may suppose them 
all to have descended from one family, and 
account for the diversity which is observa- 
ble in them, by the influence of physical 
and moral causes ; in which case they will 
only form different varieties of the same 
species. 
Before, however, we enter upon this dis- 
cussion, it will be necessary to dispose of a 
previous question ; viz. what are the cha- 
racters which distinguish man from all other 
animals ; those which constitute him a dis- 
tinct genus? Several writers, who have 
pleased themselves with describing what 
they call a regular gradation or chain of be- 
ings, represent man only as a superior kind 
of monkey ; and place the unfortunate Afri- 
can as the connecting link between the su- 
perior races of mankind and the orang-ou- 
tang ; they deny, in short, that he is gene- 
rically distinguished from monkeys. Such 
an opinion might reasonably be expected 
from the slave merchant who traffics in hu- 
man blood, and from a West Indian Negro 
driver, who uses his fellow-creatures worse 
than brutes ; but we should not think of 
finding it defended by the natural historian, 
and we shall not hesitate to assert, that it is 
qs false philosophically, as the moral and 
