MAN. 
eolour, formed by the union of those of both 
parents ; the latter is more or less brown 
or tawny, with hardly any visible redness of 
the cheek. The hair of the hlulatto is 
curled, in the other instances straight, and 
almost invariably black ; the iris is brown. 
In the second generation, two Mulattos 
produce Casqiios; an European and Mulat- 
to a Terceron, who is called by some a 
Morisco, or Mestize. The hair and coun- 
tenance of these resemble those of the 
European ; the skin has a slight brown tint, 
and the cheeks a degree of redness ; the 
scrotum is blackish in the male, and the 
labia pudendi rather purple in the female. 
A Negro and Mulatto produce GritFos, 
Zarabos de Mulata, or Cabros; an Euro- 
pean and Indian Mestize, CsstissoS; an 
European and American Mestize, Quarte- 
rons; an American and a Mestize, Ti'esal- 
vos ; an American and Mulatto, Mestizos ; 
an European and Zambo, Mulattos ; two 
Zarabos, Cholos. 
In the third generation, Europeans and 
Tercerons produce Quarterons, Ochavons, 
Octavons, or Alyinos ; which, according to 
the piost acute observers, retain no traces 
of their African original. A Mulatto and 
Terceron produce a Sallatra ; an European 
and Castisso, a Postisso ; an European and 
American Quarteron, an Octavon. Some 
carry the genealogy of these hybrid races 
into the fourth generation, calling the chil- 
dren of Europeans and Quarterons, Qui»- 
terons ; but it is not credible that any trace 
of mixed origin can remain in this case, 
according to the observstion of the most 
respectable eye-witnesses concerwing the 
third generation. Besides the varieties of 
colour already noticed, there is a deviation 
sometimes occurring in the Npgro, consist- 
ing of white portions of skin of various sizes 
and numbers, scattered over the body ; 
these are called piebald Negroes, ajid are 
produced from two black parents. The ap- 
pearance is probably owing to some altered 
action of the skin, and seems analogous to 
tire blackening of portions of the surface, 
which has been observed in Europeans, 
particularly in preglaant females. 
The skin differs also in some other pro- 
perties besides its colour. Travellers have 
described it as remarkably soft and smooth, 
and as it were silky, in the Carib, Negro, 
Otaheitean, and Turk. It secretes a mat- 
ter of peculiar odour in some races, as the 
Carib, Negro, &c. 
The hair, as it grows and is nourished 
from the common integuments, is connect- 
ed with them in many points by a close 
kind of sympathy. Hence the spotted 
Africans have different coloured hairs. — 
Every gradation of colour, from the fair to 
the black, is accompanied by its correspon- 
dent alterations in the hair. This is true, 
not only of nations, but also of individuals. 
A light complexion is accompanied vyith 
red or fair hair, a dark one with black hair, 
almost invariably, even in individuals of the 
same family ; a difference which, according 
to the philosophy of some writers, would 
be a sufficient ground for classing them in 
rlift'erent species. The other properties of 
the hair vary as well as its colour; and 
these changes may be brought under the 
four following varieties : 
1. Brownish, or red, deviating into yel- 
low and black ; this is copious, soft, and long, 
and slightly undulated : it obtains in most of 
the temperate climates of Europe ; and was 
formerly particularly noticed in the Ger- 
mans. 
2. Black, strong, straight, and thin; occur- 
ring in the Mongolian and American races. 
3. Black, softer, dense, and copious, and 
curled; observable in most of the South 
Sea islanders. 
4. Black and crisp, so as generally to be 
called woolly ; common to all the Ethio- 
pians. 
The above division, although snfBcient 
for general purposes, is not uniformly true. 
For the woolly hair is not confined entirely 
to the Ethiopian, nor is a black colour in- 
variably found in all the three last varieties. 
Some tribes of Africans have tong hair, and 
other red coloured people, as those of the 
Duke of York’s Island, have it woolly. 
The New Hollanders form so complete a 
medium between the woolly haired African, 
and the copious curling hair of the other 
South Sea islanders, that we are completely 
puzzled how to class them. 
Many instances are recorded of red hair 
in individuals, of such varieties as common- 
ly have it black, as in some South Sea 
islands. 
Some facts seem to indicate that climate 
and mode of life have considerable influence 
on the hair. Dr. Smith observes that the 
hair of Europeans, settled in America, 
changes visibly towards that of the Ameri- 
can Aborigines ; so that in the second and 
third , race, straight lank hair is almost 
universal. In Angora, a small district of 
Asia Minor, the .sheep, goats, cats, and 
rabbits, have always been celebrated for 
the uncommon length and fineness of their, 
