MANUFACTURE OF COTTON. 
In front of the spindles, about a foot higher 
than their tops, a long spar of deal is sup- 
ported at eaeh extremity by a pair of small 
■wheels, or sheevcs, which run on the sides 
of the frame in a kind of grooves, so as to 
admit of the spar being moved back and 
forwards about six or seven feet, in a hori- 
zontal position, without varying from its 
parallelism to the row of spindles : the bot- 
tom of this spar is formed into oblong nar- 
row grooves, into which projecting parts 
from a lower spar suspended beneath it fit 
accurately. This lower spar is confined- by 
a sort of staples, so as to admit only of a 
motion up and down of a few inches below 
the upper spar, along with which it is drawn 
back and forwards: the up and down mo- 
tion is given by a number of small cords at 
about three feet asunder, which pass from 
it, over small pulleys in the substance of the 
upper spar, to a thick wire that lies above 
it; which wire is moved by a cord going 
round a pulley of about six inches diameter, 
supported at the middle of the upper spar : 
to this pulley an handle is fixed, which, on 
being pressed down over a spring clasp, 
raises up the lower spar close to the upper 
one, and retains it in that position ; when 
the spring clasp is pressed back from tlie 
handle, the weight of the lower spar causes 
it to fall down clear of the upper one. The 
use of this arrangement of the two spars is 
to hold fast the slubbings, which are passed 
between them on to the spindles. The cops 
of slubbings are supported on a frame, which 
lies below the moveable spars ; small rods 
pass through them, and through holes in the 
frame, which sustain Ihem in an upright 
position, at about the same distance from 
each other as the spindles. 
When the robing billy is worked, the 
slubbings are first drawn between the move- 
able spars, and each fastened to its corres- 
ponding spindle : a sufficiency of length of 
the slubbings is left between the spars and 
the spindles to allow for five or six feet of 
robing to be drawn out of each, which is 
regulated by a mark on the frame, that 
shews tyhen the moveable spars going from 
the spindles have come to the proper posi- 
tion : the spars are then closed by pressing 
down the handle under the clasp, the spiu- 
dles are put in motion by turning round the 
large wheel, and at the same time the 
moveable spars are drawn back gently : by 
this means, as the slubbings ai e drawn out 
they get proportional'y more twist, so as to 
keep them from breaking ; and when they 
are drawn to the intended extent, by the 
spars being moved back to the extremity of 
their suppoits, a few turns of the wlieel 
gives them all the twist that portion of them 
is intended to have. The robings now 
formed between the spars and the spindles 
are guided to that part of their respective 
spindles where they are to remain ; and the 
spindles being again put in motion, while 
the spars are pushed forwards towards them; 
the part formed of the robings are by this 
means rolled up on the spindles. The 
handle is then released, the lower spar falls 
down, the spars are drawn back to the 
mark, which shews that the proper length 
of slabbing has passed between them ; the 
spars are again closed, and the operation 
repeated as before described. The robings 
are guided to the parts of the spindles where 
they are to be coiled up, by a long hori- 
zontal slip of deal, which is supported over 
them close to the front of the spindles by a 
light frame, hung oa two pivots, that admit 
of its moving the length of the spindles up 
and down: a cord is stretched from this 
frame, near the pivot, along one of tlie sup- 
ports of the moveable spars, and passes be- 
tween three small pulleys at the extremity 
of the spar ; two of the pulleys being at the 
side of it next the spar, and the middle pul- 
ley being outside : this last pulley is fasten- 
ed to a slide, which is drawn back by a 
string that runs along the spar to its cen- 
tre, where it passes over a grooved seg- 
ment of a small wheel, with a small pro- 
jection ; which, being pressed down by tlie 
finger, draws the cord in, which causing 
the stretched cord to contract in length 
between the pulleys, forces the deal slip 
down on the robings, and guides them 
to the parts of the spindles where they 
are to remain : a small counterpoise draws 
olf the slip, when the finger is removed, 
and restores this part of the apparatus to 
its first position. 
Of Spinning, and the Spinning Jemy. When 
the robings are finished, they are brought 
to the spinning jenny to complete the spin- 
ing. The spinning jenny is an engine on 
the same principle as the robing billy, and 
only ditfers ftom it in having smaller spin- 
dles, more in number, and closer together : 
the cops of robings are placed in it, as those 
of slubbings are in the billy, and by a similar 
management and operation are drawn out 
into the required fineness, and receive the 
degree of twist which forms them into Cotton 
yarn. 
Reeling. The cotton yam, when taken 
from the jenny, is reeled to ascertain its 
