MAP 
tbrongli all the corresponding divisions draw 
curve lines, which will represent the meri- 
dians, the extreme ones being EC and FD. 
Lastly, number the degrees of latitude and 
longitude, and place a scale of equal parts, 
either of miles or degrees, for measuring 
distances. Tliis is a very good way of draw- 
ing large maps, and is called the globular 
projection ; all the parts of the earth being 
represented nearly of their due magnitude, 
excepting that they are a little distorted on 
the outsides. 
Finally. To draw a map of Europe, which 
extends from 36° to 72° north latitude : 
draw a base line (fig. 5.) G H, in the middle 
of which erect a perpendicular, IP, and 
assume any distance for 10° of latitude. 
Let the point I be 30°, from which set off 
six of the assumed distances to P, which 
will be the north pole. Number the dis- 
tances 40,50, 60, &c. and on the centre, P, 
describe arcs passing through the points of 
divisions on the line I P, which will be 
parallels of latitude. Divide the space as- 
sumed for 10° of latitude into 60 parts, by 
some diagonal scale. Look into the table. 
Art. Longitude, for the number of miles 
answering to 30°, which is .51.96; take this 
from the scale, and set it off on the arc 30° 
from the centre line both ways. Do the same 
for 40°, 50°, 60°, &c, and through the cor- 
responding divisions on all the arcs draw 
curve lines ; which will represent the meri- 
dian. When the degrees of latitude and 
longitude are marked the thing is done. 
When the place is but small that a map 
is todie made ofj as if a country were to be 
exhibited ; the meridians, as to sense, will 
be parallel^ to one another, and the whole 
will differ very little from a plane. Such a 
map 'MU be made more easily than by the 
preceding rules. It will here be sufficient 
to measure the distances of places in miles, 
and so lay them down in a plane rectangular 
map. 
MAPLE, in botany, is of the genus Acer, 
which see. Of the several species the most 
important is theA. saccharmum, or American 
sugar maple, from which the Americans de- 
rive sugar in large quantities, by tapping 
the trees early in the spring, and boiling the 
juice. Fortins purpose large tracts of land 
in North America are devoted to the cul- 
ture of this tree, which yields a sugar equal 
to the best cane, and which requires no 
Other labour than what women and girls can 
bestow, in drawing off and boiling the li- 
quor ; and when skilfully tapped, the tree 
will last many years. A tree of an ordinary 
MAR 
size yields in a good season from twenty to 
thirty gallons of sap, from which may be 
made from five to six pounds of sugar. The 
tree is tapped with an augur, first on the south 
side and then on the north, and the sap 
will flow five or six weeks according to the 
temperature of the weather. Tho sugar is 
manufactured much in the same numner as 
the cane sugar of the West Indies. In New 
York and Pensylvania many liundred pri- 
vate families have long supplied themselves 
plentifully with this sugar at little expense. 
One instance is mentioned of a family, con- 
sisting of a father and his two sons, who 
made nearly eighteen hundred weight in a 
single season. Dr. Rush, who attended very 
closely to this subject, supposes that four 
men, provided with proper conveniences, 
may male in a common season, of from four 
to six weeks, 40 cwt. of excellent sugar. The 
Indians of Canada are said to have practised 
the making of sugar for centuries ; and Eu- 
ropeans, both French and English, have 
been in the habit of refining it for 140 years. 
See Sugar. 
MAPPIA, in botany, so called from 
Marcus Mappus, professor of medicine at 
Strasburg, a genus of the Polyandria Mono- 
gynia class and order. Essential character : 
calyx five-parted ; corolla five-petalled ; 
germ superior ; berry one-seeded, seeds 
arilled. There is but one species, viz. M. 
guianensis, a shrub, found on the banks of 
the river Sinemari in Guiana. 
MARALDI (James Philip), in bio- 
graphy, a learned mathematician, astrono- 
mer, and natural philosopher, was born in 
the year 1665, at Perinaldo in the county of 
Nice, which had been already honoured by 
the birth of his maternal uncle, the cele- 
brated Cassini. We are not informed where 
he received his education ; but we are told 
that after he had for some time successfully 
cultivated literature, the bent of his genius 
led him to study the sublimer sciences, and 
particularly the mathematics. Having made 
a considerable progress, when he was 
twenty-two years of age, his uncle sent for 
him to Paris, where he had been settled a 
long time, that he might himself superintend 
his studies, and have the satisfaction of wit- 
nessing the efibrts of his genius in a country 
where useful and extraordinary talents, 
both in natives and foreigners, were at that 
■ time much cherished and . encouraged. 
Under such a tutor Maraldi made a won- 
derful proficiency, and soon answered the 
most flattering expectations which he had 
formed of him. To his uncle he implicitly 
