MAR 
of account, and in some other countfies 
for a coin. The English mark is two thirds 
Of a pound sterling, or thirteen shillings 
and four-pence, and the Scotch mark is of 
equal value in Scotch money of account. 
The mark-lubs, or Lubeck-mark, used at 
Hamburgh, is also a money of account, 
equal to one-third of the rix-dollar, or to 
the French livre : each mark is divided 
into sixteen sols-lubs. Mark-lubs is also a 
Danish coin equal to sixteen sols-lubs. 
Mark is also a copper and silver coin in 
Sweden. 
MARKET, the establishment of public 
marts or places of buying and selling, with 
the tolls belonging to it, is enumerated as 
one of tlie King’s prerogatives, and markets 
can only be set up by virtue of the King’s 
grant, or by immemorial usage. 
All sales and contracts, of any thing 
saleable in markets overt, will not only be 
good as between the parties, but binding 
also upon all persons having any property 
therein. 
In London, every shop in which goods 
are exposed publicly to sale, is market 
overt for such things only as the owner 
professes to trade in ; though if the sale be 
in a warehouse, and not publicly in the 
shop, the property is not altered; but if 
goods are stolen from one, and sold out of 
the market overt, tlie property is not al- 
tered, and the owner may take them wher- 
ever he finds them. If a man buy his 
own goods in a market, the contract shall 
not bind him, unless the property had been 
previously altered by a former sale. 
MARLE, in mineralogy, is divided into 
two sub-species, viz. the earthy marie, and 
the indurated marie : the former is of a yel- 
lowish grey colour, principally employed 
for improving bad land. It is found in 
Thuringia. The latter is grey; it occurs 
massive, the lustre is dull; it is opaque, 
soft so as to yield to the nail, easily frangi- 
ble, and not very heavy ; it melts before 
the blow-pipe into a blackish kind of glass ; 
it effervesces with acids ; it occurs in beds 
in the floetz lime-stone, and independent 
coal formations; in the first it alternates 
with beds of lime-stone, and sometimes 
occurs in nests of it. It is found in the 
coal works near Dresden, and is employed 
in improving bad land ; as also mortar, and 
where lime-stone is not easily had, in the 
smelting of ores of iron. In the business of 
agriculture, marie is distinguished into the 
common, which includes the earthy marie, 
and some varieties of potters’ clay ; sfone- 
MAR 
marie, which is the earthy indurated ; slate 
marie, which is the slaty indurated ; shell- 
marie, which is eithqr the earthy or indu- 
rated, abounding with sljells. Mr. Jame- 
son says, it passes into lime-stone and indu- 
rated clay, and according as alumina or sili- 
ca preponderates, it receives the name of 
clay or lime marie. 
MARQUE, or Letters of Marque, in 
military affairs, are letters of reprisal, 
granting the subjects of one prince or state 
liberty to make reprisals on those of an- 
other. Letters of marque among us, are 
extraordinary commissions granted by au- 
thority, for reparation to merchants, taken 
and despoiled by strangers at sea ; and re- 
prisals is only the retaking, or taking of 
one thing for another. In the prosecution 
of these letters there must be, 1. The oath 
of the person injured, or other sufficient 
proof, touching the injury sustained. 2. A 
proof of due prosecution for satisfaction in 
a legal way. 3. The deferring or denial of 
justice. 4. A complaint to his own prince 
or state. 5. A requisition of justice made 
to the supreme head of the state. After 
all which, letters of reprisal, under certain 
restrictions, are issued ; but if the supreme 
power think these letters of reprisal may 
affect the peace of the state, they are put 
off till a more convenient time. 
MARQUETRY, or Inlaid work, is a 
curious work composed of several fine hard 
pieces of wood, of various colours, fas- 
tened in thin slices on a ground, and some- 
times enriched with other matters, as sil- 
ver, brass, tortoise-shell, and ivoiy; with 
these assistances the art is now capable of 
imitating any thing ; whence it is by some 
called the art of painting in wood. 
The ground on which the pieces are to 
be arranged and glued, is usually of well 
dried oak or deal, and is composed of seve- 
ral pieces glued together, to prevent its 
warping. The wood to be used in marque- 
try is reduced into leaves, of the thickness 
of a line, or the twelfth part of an inch, 
and is either of its natural colour, or 
stained, or made black to form the shades 
by other methods: this some perform by 
putting it in sand heated very hot over the 
fire : others by steeping it in lime water and 
sublimate ; and others in oil of sulphur. 
The wood being of the proper colours, the 
contours of the pieces are formed accord- 
ing to the parts of the design they are to 
represent : this is the most difficult part of 
marquetry, and that which requires the 
most patience and attention. 
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